Levítico 4:15 Pasajes relacionados

HALAKHAH: "If the Court of one of the tribes ruled," etc. ¹⁶⁴The Halakhah does not refer to Mishnah 8 but to Mishnaiot 6-7, to explain why R. Meïr requires only one bull, R. Jehudah 12, and R. Simeon 13.Rebbi Meïr says, it is the Court's obligation. Rebbi Jehudah says, it is the public's obligation. Rebbi Simeon said, it is an obligation of the Court and an obligation of the public. What is Rebbi Meïr's reason? It is said here from the eyes¹⁶⁵Lev. 4:13., and it is said there from the eyes¹⁶⁶Num. 15:24.. Since from the eyes said there refers to the Court, here it also refers to the Court¹⁶⁷ This argument is difficult to explain. In Sifra Wayyiqra 2 Parasah 4(2), the expression עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל used in Lev. 4:13 is explained as referring to the High Court, the selected group from Israel, based on v. 15 which makes it clear that the bull has to be presented by the Elders, the members of the High Court. Then R. Meïr's argument is to infer from Lev. 4:13 to Num. 15:24: Since the bull is the responsibility of the Court, the goat for idolatry also must be the responsibility of the Court. . What is Rebbi Jehudah's reason? It is said here from the eyes, and it is said there from the eyes. Since from the eyes said there refers to the public, here it also refers to the public¹⁶⁸His argument is straightforward. Since the entire paragraph Num. 15:22-26 speaks only about עֵדָה, without any mention of the Elders, it is addressed to the public. Then the use of parallel terms is taken to transfer the setting to Lev. 4: 13.. What is Rebbi Simeon's reason? It is said here from the eyes, and it is said there from the eyes. Since from the eyes said there refers to the Court, also from the eyes here refers to the Court. Since from the eyes said there refers to the public, here it also refers to the public¹⁶⁹He accepts arguing both from Lev. 4: 13 to Num. 15:24 and vice versa.. For him who says, it is the Court's obligation, the Court has to bring¹⁷⁰They have to pay for the bull from their own money and present it in the Temple. . For him who says, it is the public's obligation, who brings¹⁷¹Who has to pay and who has to officiate?? As we have stated¹⁷²One imposes a tax and collects from everybody. In all other sources, Babli 3b, Menahot 52a; Tosephta Seqalim 2:6, the argument is between R. Jehudah and R. Simeon. This is the reasonable reading since for R. Meïr the Court pays from their own means., "one imposes and collects, the words of Rebbi Meïr; Rebbi Jehudah says, they are brought from the Temple tax". For him who says, it is the Court's obligation, the Court has to lay their hands on. For him who says, it is the public's obligation, who lays their hands on¹⁷³Since obviously not every single Israelite can be called to lay his hands on the bull.? As we have stated, three from every tribe, ¹⁷⁴This follows R. Simeon in Sifra Wayyiqra 2 Pereq 6(2); R. Jehudah requires five. led by the president of the Court, lay their hands on the head of the bull. "Their hands, the hands of each single one. Their hands on the head of the bull; the bull needs laying on of hands but the goats of idolatry do not need laying on of hands, the words of Rebbi Jehudah. Rebbi Simeon said, the bull needs laying on of hands by the Elders but the goats of idolatry do not need laying on of hands by the Elders; for Rebbi Simeon says, every public purification offering whose blood is brought inside¹⁷⁵The only sacrifices whose blood is brought inside the sanctuary to be sprinkled on the incense altar are the purification offerings of the High Priest and the Community as well as the offerings of the Day of Atonement. The body of any such sacrifice must be burned outside the holy precinct (Lev. 6:23,16:27). needs laying on of hands. ¹⁷⁶Sifra Wayyiqra 2 Pereq 6(3); Tosephta Menahot 10:9; Babli Menahot 92a." One objected to Rebbi Jehudah, is it not written, they presented the goats of the purification offering¹⁷⁷ 2Chr. 29:23. As usual, the argument is from the part of the verse which was not quoted: they presented the goats of the purification offering before the king and the public; they laid their hands on them. The goats were offered by Josiah to atone for the idolatry of his father Ahas.? Rebbi Hiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, it was a temporary ruling¹⁷⁸A temporary deviation from Torah norms acceptable by prophetic instruction as long as it does not violate prohibitions. The absence of a bull and the presence of multiple goats both deviate from Torah prescriptions..

Rebbi Joḥanan asked: If one of the public died, can it be brought in his stead¹⁷⁹This is a question for RR. Jehudah and Simeon. If a person dedicated an animal as a purification offering but died before it was sacrificed, the animal cannot be sacrificed without its owner nor can it be redeemed or used for any profane or holy purpose whatsoever. If the bull really is the obligation of the public and paid by the public’s money, it should become unusable if anybody who gave money for the sacrifice (Note 172) died before the ceremony was held. Practically, this would make the ceremony impossible.? They answered, is it not written, those who came from captivity¹⁸⁰Ezra 8:35: Those who came from captivity, from the diaspora, sacrificed elevation offerings to the God of Israel, twelve bulls for all of Israel, 96 goats, 77 sheep, purification goats twelve, all of it an elevation offering for the Eternal. An elevation offering is completely burned; the meat of a purification offering is eaten by the priests. To call a purification offering an elevation offering is a contradiction in terms.? Is a purification offering an elevation offering? But just as an elevation offering is not eaten, this purification offering was not eaten¹⁸¹Babli 6a. Since they brought 12 goats, R. Jehudah has Ezra’s authority for his position. This interpretation justifies the reading of Num. 15:24 by the Mishnah. That verse requires the congregation to bring a bull as elevation offering and a goat as purification offering. If a purification offering which may not be eaten can be called an elevation offering, it is possible to identify this bull with the one prescribed in Lev.4:13. V. 24 requires the congregation (i. e., its Elders) to proffer the sacrifices but v. 25 requires the Cohen to conduct the entire ceremony. Both the opinions that the Elders do the laying on of their hands as also that the Cohen has to do it have biblical support.. Rebbi Jehudah says, they brought it for idolatry; Rebbi Ḥizqiah, Rebbi Jeremiah, Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, it was a temporary ruling¹⁷⁸A temporary deviation from Torah norms acceptable by prophetic instruction as long as it does not violate prohibitions. The absence of a bull and the presence of multiple goats both deviate from Torah prescriptions.. Rebbi Jeremiah (learned) [did not say]¹⁶³The text in the Babli shows that one has to read למר i. e. לֹא אָמַר. so but the bull needs laying on of hands by the Elders while the goats of idolatry do not need laying on of hands by the Elders. By whom? Rebbi Jeremiah wanted to say, by Aaron and his sons. Rebbi Yose told him, Rebbi Ḥiyya also stated, he shall put his hands on, they shall put their hands on¹⁸²Lev. 16:21 prescribes that Aaron has to lay his hand on the live goat. Since the entire service of the Day of Atonement is by the unaided High Priest, the mention of the name seems to be superfluous; it could as well have said “he has to lay his hands on.” It is concluded (next Note) that this is the only case in which the High Priest is required to lay his hands on. In parallel, one may read Lev. 4:15 where the Elders of the congregation are required to lay their hands on the bull, that they are not required to lay their hands on the goat., to include the goats of idolatry for laying on hands but not by the Elders. Rebbi Yose (learned) [did not say]¹⁶³The text in the Babli shows that one has to read למר i. e. לֹא אָמַר. so but the living [goat] needs laying on of hands by Aaron, but the goats of idolatry do not need laying on of hands by Aaron. It is written so, “Aaron shall lean with both his hands on the living goat’s head; the living [goat] needs laying on of hands by Aaron, but he goats of idolatry do not need laying on of hands by Aaron.¹⁸³Sifra Ahare Mot Parašah 4(4).” What does Rebbi Jeremiah do with this? He explains it, for a common priest¹⁸⁴Since neither the High Priest nor the Elders are empowered but Num. 15:25 requires the participation of a common priest, all biblical requirements are satisfied by having the common priest do the entire ceremony..