Génesis 49:9 Referencias del Talmud: Jerusalem Talmud Gittin, Jerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin & Avot DeRabbi Natan

Only if he says, it was written before me during the day and signed during the day²²“The day” means the day written as date in the document. Mishnah 2:2 notes that a pre-dated bill of divorce is invalid like all pre-dated documents. The bill may have been written in the night and signed the following day since the rabbinic day is counted from sundown to sundown; it cannot have been written during daytime and signed the following night since that would make it pre-dated.; only if he says, it was written before me especially for her and signed expressly for her²³The messenger must have heard the husband tell the scribe to write a bill of divorce for his wife, mentioning her by name. The Babli agrees, 3a.. It was asked before Rebbi Joḥanan: Does he have to know the names of the witnesses at the moment of their signing? He said to them, did the Gentiles Luciani sign it²⁴If the names sound Roman, it does not mean anything. In the Babli, 11b, R. Joḥanan notes that if a Gentile name is known to be used by Jews, the matter does not have to be investigated. Examples given in the Babli are Λύκος “wolf”, a frequent substitute for Benjamin (Gen. 49:27), and Λίς “lion” (in epic poetry, cf. Semitic ליש), a substitute for Jehudah (Gen. 49:9). Cf. E. and H. Guggenheimer, Jewish Family Names and their Origins: An Etymological Dictionary (Ktav, 1992; German edition Etymologisches Wörterbuch der jüdischen Familiennamen, Saur 1996), Introduction: Sobriquets, Animal Names.? And you say so? A baraita supports Rebbi Joḥanan: “All bills of divorce coming from overseas are valid even if their names sound Gentile since Jews outside the Land of Israel bear Gentile names.²⁵Babli 11b, Tosephta 6:4.” He said only, outside the Land; therefore not in the Land of Israel²⁶It should not be assumed that Jewish people with Gentile names cannot sign a bill of divorce in the Land of Israel; there are a number of rabbis with Gentile names such as Eudaimon, Pappos, Antigonos. But in case such a name appears, an inquiry has to be made about the identity of the witness, wheras in documents coming from outside the Land, all names are accepted without inquiry.. What about this? Rebbi Bevai in the name of Rebbi Issi: unless he writes, at a Jewish place²⁷Greek Ὶουδαϊκός, -ή, -όν “Jewish”. If the names of the witnesses are Gentile, some indication of this being a purely Jewish document is needed since all documents executed in a Gentile court are valid except bills of divorce.. If there is no Jewish place, in the synagogue. If there is no synagogue, he assembles there ten people²⁸All of whom have to sign as witnesses even if most of them are related to the couple, if only two of the witnesses are acceptable in law; it is to be assumed that not all of their names will be characteristically Gentile. Cf. Tosephta 7:11; M. A. Friedman, Jewish Marriage in Palestine, Vol. 1, p. 489.. Rebbi Abun said, it would be better to certify the signatures²⁹After the document was duly signed, the local court could append a certification that the witnesses were known to the court and in good standing. Such a certification would have to be accepted by every rabbinic court anywhere (Mishnah 1:3). than to assemble there ten people. What about this? Even in a Jewish store³⁰The document must mention the place where it was written. One might add that it was written in a Jewish store to emphasize the Jewish character of the document, implicitly validating the Gentile-sounding signatures..

It is written²¹²Num. 25:3–4. The rage of the Eternal was kindled against Israel. The Eternal said to Moses: Take all the heads of the people and hang them for the Eternal before the sun. What he told him was, install their heads as judges over them and let them execute the sinners²¹³Not the heads; cf. the Targumim. at daytime. That is what is written: Moses told the judges of Israel: each one should kill his men who cling to the Baˋal Peˋor²¹⁴Num. 25:5.. How many were the judges of Israel²¹⁵Halakhah 1:7, Note 356.? 78’600. Heads of thousands, 600. Heads of hundreds, 6'000. Heads of fifties, 12’000. heads of tens, 60’000. It turns out that the judges of Israel were 78’600. He told them, each of you should execute two. It turns out that the number of the killed was 157’200. Behold, a man from the Children of Israel came and introduced to his brothers the Midianite woman, to the eyes of Moses²¹⁶Num. 25:6.. What means to the eyes of Moses²¹⁷The text does not say before his eyes but in his eyes.? Like a man who says, that is in your eyes, Moses. He told him, is not Ẓippora a Midianite, and are not her hooves split²¹⁸The sign of a kosher animal.? This one is pure, that one is impure? There, Phineas was present. He said, is there nobody who would kill him or be killed? Where are the lions? A lion whelp is Jehudah²¹⁹Gen. 49:9.; Dan is a lion whelp²²⁰Deut. 33:22.; Benjamin a rapacious wolf²²¹Gen. 49:27.. When Phineas saw that nobody of Israel did anything, he immediately rose from his court, took the spear in his hand, and put its iron under his belt²²²Latin fascia “band, girdle”.. He was leaning on its wood until he arrived at his door. When he arrived at his²²³Zimri ben Salu’s. door, they²²⁴The tribe of Simon, protecting their head. asked him, where to, Phineas? He said to them, do you not agree that everywhere the tribe of Levi is with the tribe of Simeon? They said, let him, maybe the Pharisees permitted the matter²²⁵Echoing a popular opinion that the “oral law” can be made to adapt to all circumstances, moral or immoral.. When he entered, the Holy One, praise to Him, performed six wonders for him²²⁶Babli 82b, in the name of R. Johanan.. The first miracle: usually they would separate, but the angel glued the one to the other²²⁷If they were not killed in the act, the killing would have been murder.. The second miracle: He directed the spear into her belly to that his penis should be seen inside her belly because of the fault-finders, lest they say that he muscled himself in with them and satisfied himself²²⁸In the Babli: Thus Phineas had direct proof in court that the killing was justified. Phineas’s act established a rule of law which could never be used again.. The third miracle: the angel closed their mouths, so they could not cry. The fourth miracle: they did not slip from the weapon but stayed in place. The fifth miracle: The angel lifted the lintel so that both of them were carried out between his shoulders. The sixth miracle: When the plague started to destroy the people, what did he do? He threw them on the ground and prayed. That is what is written: Phineas stood and prayed; the plague was arrested²²⁹Ps. 106:30..

The lion has six names: Aryeh, Kefir, Lavi, Layish, Shakhal, and Shakhatz.