Talmud sobre Job 25:7

Ben ‘Azzai said: Whoever sets the following four things [constantly] before his eyes and upon his heart will never commit a sin: Whence he came, whither he goes, Who is his Judge and what he is destined to become. Whence he came? From a place of darkness. Whither he goes? To a place of thick darkness. [Another reading:] Whence he came? From a place of uncleanness. Whither he goes? To cause others to be unclean.¹The human body, when dead, causes ritual defilement. [Another reading:] Whence he came? From a fetid drop and from a place which no person is able to behold.²The womb. Whither he goes? To the nether-world to be judged in Gehinnom³So GRA. V and H read ‘and Abaddon’, a name for the nether-world. and burnt in fire. And Who is his Judge? He must realize that his Judge is not of flesh and blood but the Lord of all works, blessed be He, with Whom there is no injustice, forgetfulness, respect of persons or taking of bribes. What is he destined to become? A worm and maggot; as it is stated, How much less man, that is a worm! and the son of man, that is a maggot!⁴Job 25, 6.

HALAKHAH: Rebbi Joḥanan said, even the most error-prone person would not err in this matter, before the sun, after the sun⁷⁵Whether the moon was seen closer to the earth than the sun or farther away.? It only is needed for its concavity; the concavity towards the sun, or the concavity away from the sun⁷⁴As explained in the Halakhah, this refers to the concavity of the visible moon, which must point away from the sun.? Bar Qappara stated both: Before the sun or behind the sun, the concavity towards the sun or the concavity away from the sun? Rebbi Joḥanan said, it is written⁷⁶Job 25:2. Babli 23b. Deut. rabba 5(12).: Rule and fear are with Him, Who makes peace in His heights. During the existence of the sun it never saw the defect of the moon.

Ben ‘Azzai said:¹Cf. Aboth III, 1 (Sonc. ed., p. 26) where a similar teaching is given by ‘Aḳabya b. Mahalalel. Whoever keeps four things before his eyes will never sin again, viz. whence he came, whither he goes, what will become of him, and Who will be his Judge. Whence he came: from a putrefying secretion, from a place which the eye cannot see. And whither he goes: to a place of darkness and deep gloom. And what will become of him: worms and maggots. And Who will be his Judge: the Supreme King of kings, the Holy One, blessed be He. R. Simeon said: He came from a place of defilement, he came from a place of uncleanness and is destined to defile others. He came from a putrefying secretion and goes to a place of worms and maggots, as it is stated, How much less man, that is worm! and the son of man, that is a maggot!²Job 25, 6. R. Eliezer b. Jacob said: Man, that is maggot in his lifetime, alluding to vermin; and the son of man, that is worm in his death. R. Simeon b. Eleazar said: Man is beautiful and splendid, but he brings forth from his inwards something that the eye cannot [bear to] see. To what can this be compared? To a human king who built a large, beautiful and magnificent palace through which a stream of water from a tannery flowed. Every passer-by exclaimed, ‘How beautiful would this palace be but for the stream from the tannery flowing through it!’ So it is with man who resembles [that palace]. Even when he brings forth from his inwards something disgusting which the eye cannot [bear to] see he prides himself before the All-present.³H adds: ‘So if he produced sweet odours and precious oil, how much more would he pride himself over creatures!’ [Cf. ARN, p. 11.]

Bar Ḳappara said: Great is peace, for even the angels among whom there is no enmity, jealousy, hatred, strife, rivalry or dissension [have need for] the Holy One, blessed be He, to make peace among them; as it is stated,³⁶The emended text of GRA is followed. Dominion and fear are with Him; He maketh peace in His high places³⁷Job 25, 2.—dominion alludes to Michael and fear to Gabriel, one being of fire and the other of water³⁸Cf. Midrash Rabbah, Numbers, XII, 8 (Sonc. ed., p. 472), where Gabriel is said to be made of fire and Michael of snow. and yet they do not injure one another;³⁹Because God makes peace between them. how much more so then do mortal beings, among whom all these dispositions exist, [have need of peace] !

Pursue peace. How so? This teaches that a person should pursue peace in Israel between everyone (in the way that Aaron would pursue peace in Israel between everyone, as it says [Psalms 34:15], “Turn from evil, and do good; seek peace and pursue it.”
Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar would say:) If a person stays quietly in his place, how can he pursue peace in Israel between everyone? [Rather, he should go out from his place and into the world and pursue peace in Israel,] as it says, “Seek peace and pursue it.” How does this work? Seek it where you are, and pursue it in some other place. Even the Holy Blessed One made peace in the heights, for He did not call ten angels Gabriel, ten angels Michael, ten angels Uriel, and ten angels Raphael, in the way humans do, calling ten people Reuben, ten people Shimon, ten people Levi, and ten people Judah. For if He had done as humans do, when He called one of them, they all would have come, and then become jealous of one another. So instead, He called only one angel Gabriel and one Michael, and when He calls any one of them, [that angel] comes before Him, and He dispatches the angel wherever He desires. And how do we know that they revere one another, and respect one another, and are humbler than human beings? Because when they open their mouths to sing a song, one of them says to the other: You should begin, for you are greater than I, and then the other one says: No, you should begin, for you are greater than I. This is not the way it is with human beings. Every person says to another: I am greater than you, and the other person responds: No, I am greater than you.
And some say they spoke in groupings [of angels]. One grouping would say to the other: You all should begin, for you are greater than we, as it says (Isaiah 6:3), “And this one called out to that one and said….”

Rabbi Shimon would say: He comes from a place of darkness, and returns to a place of darkness. He comes from a disgusting drop, from a place that the eye cannot see. And what will he become? Dirt, worms, and maggots, as it says (Job 25:6), “How much less the human – a worm, [the person – a maggot.” Rabbi Elazar ben Ya’akov would say: A worm] in his life, and a maggot in his death. How is he a worm in his life? Because lice infest him. And a maggot in his death? Because of what crawls upon him when he is dead.