Commentaire sur Isaïe 53:12
לָכֵ֞ן אֲחַלֶּק־ל֣וֹ בָרַבִּ֗ים וְאֶת־עֲצוּמִים֮ יְחַלֵּ֣ק שָׁלָל֒ תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶעֱרָ֤ה לַמָּ֙וֶת֙ נַפְשׁ֔וֹ וְאֶת־פֹּשְׁעִ֖ים נִמְנָ֑ה וְהוּא֙ חֵטְא־רַבִּ֣ים נָשָׂ֔א וְלַפֹּשְׁעִ֖ים יַפְגִּֽיעַ׃ (ס)
C’est pourquoi je lui donnerai son lot parmi les grands; avec les puissants il partagera le butin, parce qu’il s’est livré lui-même à la mort et s’est laissé confondre avec les malfaiteurs, lui, qui n’a fait que porter le péché d’un grand nombre et qui a intercédé en faveur des coupables.
Rashi on Isaiah
Therefore Because he did this, I will allot him an inheritance and a lot in public with the Patriarchs.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
Therefore will I divide him, etc. All commentators agree that in this verse the prophet speaks of those that die for the unity of God, explaining the expression ברבים with the great—comp. רב chief (Est. 1:8)—to signify the prophets, and understand by עצומים the strong the patriarchs. 16The prophets and patriarchs are the founders of the nation of Israel, therefore the adjectives רבים great, and עצומים mighty are properly applied to them; but there is probably no special reason why the former should refer to the prophets and the latter to the patriarchs, and not the reverse. According to this explanation the meaning of the whole verse is, The merit of those that die for the unity of God, is equal to the merit of the prophets and patriarchs. We know that this is true, but the subject has no connection with the context of this chapter. I explain it as follows: I will certainly give to Israel a portion of the spoil and booty taken from many nations;
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Rashi on Isaiah
he poured out his soul to death Heb. הֶעֱרָה. An expression like (Gen. 24:20), “And she emptied (וַתְּעַר) her pitcher.”
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
מן עצומים ═ את עצומים of the strong; comp. את העיר from the city (Exod. 9:29).
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Rashi on Isaiah
and with transgressors he was counted He suffered torments as if he had sinned and transgressed, and this is because of others; he bore the sin of the many.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
תחת For. The reward for having poured out, etc. הערה He poured out. Some render it, he has discovered; that is, he has done publicly. I think it is to be compared with ותער and she emptied (Gen. 24:20), though of a different conjugation,17תְּעַר the apocopated form of תְּעׇרֶה is Piel, הֶעֱרָה is Hiphil. and especially with אל תער נפשי do not pour out my soul (Psalm 141:8), and to be rendered he poured out.
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Rashi on Isaiah
and interceded for the transgressors through his sufferings, for good came to the world through him.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
ואת And with.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
פשעים Transgressors of the word of God.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
And with the transgressors he was numbered, etc. Israel was considered like people that transgress the will of God.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
And he bare the sin of many. In consequence of the troubles of Israel, the other nations had peace; the punishment which the latter deserved was inflicted upon the former.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
And made intercession for the transgressors.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
He prayed to God for the transgressors. Comp. Jer. 29:7. By the transgressors, the heathen nations are meant.18That vexed and illtreated Israel.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
I have thus explained the whole passage, on the supposition that it refers to Israel;19The explanation given in the whole chapter seems to be only a concession made to the general opinion, that these chapters, from xl.—lxvi., have no inner connexion throughout, and that in this portion עבדי my servant refers to Israel. His own opinion is, that the servant of the Lord is the prophet, who was in Babylon in exile with his brethren, illtreated there and insulted not only by the Babylonians, but also by those Israelites, that did not believe in his divine mission, but ultimately, when his words were proved to be true by facts, honoured and respected by all. but my opinion is, that my servant, mentioned here (52:13), is the same as that of 42:1, 49:3, 53:11, the same who says of himself, I gave my back to the smiters, etc. (50:6). In my commentary on chap. xl., I mentioned briefly the leading principle of my opinion, which considers all these chapters (from xl.) as connected with each other.20Comp. I. E. on 40:1, 49:8, 52:13.
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