Commentaire sur Isaïe 14:9
שְׁא֗וֹל מִתַּ֛חַת רָגְזָ֥ה לְךָ֖ לִקְרַ֣את בּוֹאֶ֑ךָ עוֹרֵ֨ר לְךָ֤ רְפָאִים֙ כָּל־עַתּ֣וּדֵי אָ֔רֶץ הֵקִים֙ מִכִּסְאוֹתָ֔ם כֹּ֖ל מַלְכֵ֥י גוֹיִֽם׃
Le Cheol, dans ses profondeurs, s’est ému à ton approche, il a réveillé pour toi les ombres, ceux qui furent jadis les puissants de la terre, il a fait lever de leurs trônes les rois des nations.
Rashi on Isaiah
toward your arrival When you descend to Gehinnom, and what is the quaking? To arouse toward you...
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
שאול The grave.5A. V. Hell. Comp. I. E. on 38:10. It is common; therefore רׇגְזׇה (femin.) and עורר (mas.).
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Rashi on Isaiah
giants Heb. רְפָאִים, the giants lying there.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
רפאים The dead. The א is, perhaps, instead of ה (the root being רפה to be weak).
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Rashi on Isaiah
all the chiefs of the earth [lit. the he-goats.] All the kings of the nations, the princes, and the princesses, are compared by Scripture, to bulls, to cows, and to he-goats. Comp. (Psalms 22:13) “Bulls surrounded me.” Also (Amos 4:1): “The cows of the Bashan that were on Mt. Shomron,” and here he compares them to he-goats.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
עתודי The chiefs (lit., the he-goats) Comp. An he goat also and a king (Prov. 30:31).
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Rashi on Isaiah
he caused to rise he threw
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
It hath raised up from their thrones. They were rising from their thrones as if they were alive; it is possible that the Babylonians had the custom of having thrones in the graves of their kings.
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Rashi on Isaiah
from their thrones [i.e.,] the messenger of Gehinnom caused all the kings of the nations [to rise] from their thrones. [according to mss. and Shem Ephraim]
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