וּשְׂעִ֨יר עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֛ד לְחַטָּ֖את לַיהוָ֑ה עַל־עֹלַ֧ת הַתָּמִ֛יד יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה וְנִסְכּֽוֹ׃ (ס)
De plus, un bouc pour expiatoire, en l’honneur de l’Éternel, à offrir indépendamment de l’holocauste perpétuel et de sa libation.
Pardes Rimmonim
Because we have seen that this saying is the point of focus according the wisdom of the Rashbi and the other commentators, we saw it [fitting] to copy it here, as it is the foundational base for this Gate to be engaged in its explanation, and this is what it says in tractate Chullin [Babylonian Talmud, Chullin] (60b): Rabbi Shimon ben Pazzai points to the contradiction that it is written: “And God made the two great luminaries” [Genesis 1:16], and it is written: “the great luminary… and the small luminary” [Genesis 1:16]. The moon said before the Holy One, blessed be He: ‘Master of the world, is it possible for two kings that they would make use of one crown?’ He said to her: ‘Go and diminish yourself.’ She said before Him: ‘Master of the world, since I have said before You a proper matter, I should diminish myself?’. He said to her: ‘Go and rule by day and by night’. She said to Him: ‘What greatness [is there] of a candle at noon, what benefit [has it]?’ He said to her: ‘Go so that [the people of] Israel shall count days and years with you’. She said to Him: ‘[as for] daylight, likewise it is impossible that one does not count the solstices with it, as it is written: “and let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years” [Genesis 1:14]’. He said to her: ‘Go so that righteous ones will be called by your name: Jacob the Small, Samuel the Small, David the Small.’ He saw that her mind was not put to ease. The Holy One, blessed be He, said: ‘Let them bring upon Me an atonement for [the fact that] I have diminished the moon, and this is what Resh Lakish said: ‘what is different [about] the goat of New Moon, about which it is said: “for HaShem” [Numbers 28:15]? The Holy One, blessed be He, said: ‘This goat shall be an atonement for [the fact that] I have diminished the moon’’. End of citation.
Pardes Rimmonim
[...] And in the Raya Mehemna (Zohar, Pinchas 247b) the Rashbi gave a third explanation differing from the two of them [given above], and this is what it says: “And on the heads of your New Moons” [Numbers 28:11]. Now how many heads does the moon have? But these two dots just as this: [image], the lower dot [is] the moon. Her two heads are two dots which are upon her: Segol [image of a Segol, the vocalization mark that can occur below a letter], [but] in the beginning it was a crown/Keter upon two kings just as this: [image of a Segolta] and it was a Segolta [the cantillation mark that can occur above a letter]. But after she [= the moon] said: ‘It is not possible for two kings to make use of one crown/Keter’, the Holy One, blessed be He, said to her: ‘Go and diminish yourself’, and she descended to the feet of the two kings just as this: [image of a Segol], and this corresponds to a Segol; what had been a Segolta was turned into a Segol.
And the mystery of the matter [is]: in view of the two dots of these two kings, it alludes in: “Bulls, sons of the herd, two” [Numbers 28:11], and in view of the dot [that is] the crown on their heads, it says: “and one ram” [Numbers 28:11], just as one crown/Keter.
After she said: ‘it is not possible for two kings to make use of one crown/Keter’ she diminished herself, also thus: “and one buck of goats for a sin-offering” [Numbers 28:15]. The ram of Isaac [referring to the Akedah in Genesis 22] turned into a buck, it was transformed from Compassion to Judgement, and it was diminished. And therefore “one buck of goats for a sin-offering”, and it did not say “for a burnt offering” [so that it would] be a crown/Keter.
And from where [is it known] to us that there is a descent with the sin-offering? This is what is written: “And he descended from performing a sin-offering” [Leviticus 9:22]. And why did it combine a burnt offering with the sin-offering in the descent? But [only] to teach [us] that in the beginning a burnt offering was the attribute of Compassion, but afterwards it was transformed to Judgement with the descent, and it was called sin-offering, yet everything is one [and the same]. And therefore ‘Let them bring upon Me an atonement’, upon Me was the moon [as a] crown/Keter for sure [previously] like this: וֹ, but afterwards she was diminished and descended to His feet, like this: וּ (in our formulations there is ‘just like this [image of a Segolta] ‘just like this’ [image of a Segolta]), and at that time: ‘Let them bring upon Me an atonement’, it was said about her: “She is the burnt offering…” [Leviticus 6:2], she rose up from His feet as it is said about her: “And the earth is a stool of My feet” [Isaiah 66:1] to say about her: “the heavens [are] My throne” [Isaiah 66:1]. And this is the mystery: “the Righteous One controls the awe of God” [II Samuel 23:3], who reverses Judgement into Compassion. And the mystery of the matter is “the stone that the builders rejected has become the head of the corner” [Psalms 118:22], just as HWHY YHWH. End of citation.
And the mystery of the matter [is]: in view of the two dots of these two kings, it alludes in: “Bulls, sons of the herd, two” [Numbers 28:11], and in view of the dot [that is] the crown on their heads, it says: “and one ram” [Numbers 28:11], just as one crown/Keter.
After she said: ‘it is not possible for two kings to make use of one crown/Keter’ she diminished herself, also thus: “and one buck of goats for a sin-offering” [Numbers 28:15]. The ram of Isaac [referring to the Akedah in Genesis 22] turned into a buck, it was transformed from Compassion to Judgement, and it was diminished. And therefore “one buck of goats for a sin-offering”, and it did not say “for a burnt offering” [so that it would] be a crown/Keter.
And from where [is it known] to us that there is a descent with the sin-offering? This is what is written: “And he descended from performing a sin-offering” [Leviticus 9:22]. And why did it combine a burnt offering with the sin-offering in the descent? But [only] to teach [us] that in the beginning a burnt offering was the attribute of Compassion, but afterwards it was transformed to Judgement with the descent, and it was called sin-offering, yet everything is one [and the same]. And therefore ‘Let them bring upon Me an atonement’, upon Me was the moon [as a] crown/Keter for sure [previously] like this: וֹ, but afterwards she was diminished and descended to His feet, like this: וּ (in our formulations there is ‘just like this [image of a Segolta] ‘just like this’ [image of a Segolta]), and at that time: ‘Let them bring upon Me an atonement’, it was said about her: “She is the burnt offering…” [Leviticus 6:2], she rose up from His feet as it is said about her: “And the earth is a stool of My feet” [Isaiah 66:1] to say about her: “the heavens [are] My throne” [Isaiah 66:1]. And this is the mystery: “the Righteous One controls the awe of God” [II Samuel 23:3], who reverses Judgement into Compassion. And the mystery of the matter is “the stone that the builders rejected has become the head of the corner” [Psalms 118:22], just as HWHY YHWH. End of citation.