La Genèse 10:32 Midrash : Midrash Tanchuma, Midrash Tanchuma Buber & Aggadat Bereshit

And the whole earth was of one language (Gen. 11:1). What is written in Scripture before this verse? These are the families of the sons of Noah … and of these were the nations divided in the earth (Gen. 10:32). This is followed by the verse and the whole earth was of one language.

(Gen. 11:1:) NOW THE WHOLE EARTH HAD ONE LANGUAGE. What is written above on the matter (in Gen. 10:32)? THESE ARE THE FAMILIES OF NOAH'S DESCENDANTS.⁹⁴Tanh., Gen. 2:18. Then after that < comes >: NOW THE WHOLE EARTH HAD ONE LANGUAGE. Solomon has said (in Prov. 27:22): IF YOU POUND THE FOOL IN A MORTAR WITH A PESTLE [ALONG WITH THE GRAIN, HIS FOLLY WILL NOT LEAVE HIM].⁹⁵See Gen. R. 38:2. In the case of one who beats the fool, while that one is raising the rod to give him a second blow, he forgets the first time. WITH A PESTLE ALONG WITH THE GRAIN: While he is raising < the rod for > the first time, it is already forgotten. Thus HIS FOLLY WILL NOT LEAVE HIM.

[3] Another explanation: "And these are the nations" (Genesis 10:32), our Sages of blessed memory said "Save us, O God of our salvation" (Chronicles 1:16:35), meaning the Jewish people said to God, "Master of the Universe, until when will we be under the control of our enemies? Until when will we be enslaved?" Similarly, David said, "How long must I bear pain in my soul and have sorrow in my heart all day?" (Psalms 13:2). God replied, "It depends on you. Do teshuva (repentance) and I will destroy your enemies," as it says, "But My people did not hearken to My voice, and Israel would not obey Me. So I gave them over to their stubborn hearts, to follow their own counsels" (Psalms 81:12-13). The Jewish people responded to God, "And when You do so, we will praise You," as it says, "Let sinners cease from the earth and the wicked be no more. Bless the Lord, O my soul. Hallelujah!" (Psalms 104:35).