Le Lévitique 23:32 Midrash : Sifra, Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael & Ein Yaakov (Glick Edition)

4) (Vayikra 23:29) "For every soul which will not be afflicted on this self-same day will be cut off from its people." This is the punishment for (non-) application. (Vayikra 23:30) "I shall make that soul go lost": What is the intent of this? (i.e., What do we learn from this equivalence between kareth ["cutting-off"] and "aveidah" ["going lost"]?) Because "kareth" is mentioned in every place and I do not know what it is, "I shall make that soul go lost" indicates that "kareth" refers to complete destruction (and not merely to the cutting off of the soul from the body.) And whence is it derived that eating, drinking, washing, anointing, cohabitation, and shodding are forbidden on Yom Kippur? From (Vayikra 23:32) "A Sabbath of resting … and you shall afflict" (The connotation is extension of affliction). I might then think that all of these are forbidden on the Sabbath of creation (i.e., Saturday, which is also referred to as "a Sabbath of resting"); it is, therefore, written "A Sabbath of resting it (Yom Kippur) shall be for you and you shall afflict, etc." "It" is forbidden in all (of these things), and not the Sabbath of creation.

(Exodus 16:26) "Six days shall you gather it, etc.": We are hereby apprised that the manna does not descend on Sabbath. Whence do we derive (the same for) a festival? From (the superfluous) "Sabbath there will not be (manna) on it." R. Elazar Hamodai says: We are hereby apprised that it does not descend on Sabbath. Whence do we derive that it does not descend on Yom Kippur? (From the fact that) Yom Kippur is referred to as "Sabbath" (viz. Leviticus 23:32). (Exodus 16:27) "And it was on the seventh day that there went of the people to gather, and they did not find": These were the faithless of Israel.

5) (Vayikra 23:32) ("and you shall afflict your souls on the ninth day of the month in the evening; from evening until evening shall you rest your resting.") I might think that he should fast on the ninth day itself; it is, therefore, written "in the evening." If "in the evening," I might think when it became dark; it is, therefore, written "and you shall afflict your souls "on the ninth." How is this to be resolved? He begins fasting (on the ninth) when it is still light, adding "from the profane to the holy." This tells me (that we add) only before. Whence do we derive the same ("adding") for after? From "from evening until evening."