Les Proverbes 18:18 Midrash : Midrash Tanchuma & Bamidbar Rabbah

"But with a lot, etc." (Numbers 26:55). This is [the meaning of] that which is stated (Proverbs 18:18), "The lot puts an end to strife." Since a sign was written for each and every tribe from Yaakov - "Zevulun will dwell on the shore of the seas" (Genesis 49:13); "Yissachar is a boney donkey, etc." (Genesis 49:14); "From Asher, his bread is fat" (Genesis 49:20) - you are only permitted to divide [the land] by the lot. And there were miraculous acts in the lottery: Elazar the Priest wears the Urim and Tumim. And the slips of the lottery were in front of Yehoshua, as stated (Joshua 18:6) "And I will cast the lot for you here in front of the Lord, our God." But before the lot went up, Elazar said with the holy spirit, "The lot of tribe x is coming up, to take place y." And Yehoshua would extend his hand and [it] would come up [into his hand. It was] as it is stated (Joshua 19:51), "These are the inheritances that Elazar the Priest and Yehoshua ben Nun apportioned." And this was [even] more; that the lot would yell out at the time that it went up, "I am the lot of tribe x; I have gone up to it in place y." And from where [do we know] that the lot speaks? As it is stated (Numbers 26:56), "By the mouth of (according to) the lot."

That which the verse said: “Casting lots may quiet contentions” (Proverbs 18:18) – because he had written an indicator for each and every tribe, from Jacob: “Zebulun shall dwell at the shore of seas” (Genesis 49:13); “Issachar…lying among the sheepfolds” (Genesis 49:14); “from Asher, his bread is rich” (Genesis 49:20) – you have permission to distribute only by means of lots.
“According to the lot one’s inheritance shall be divided, whether numerous or few” (Numbers 26:56).
The lot entailed miraculous acts: Elazar son of Aaron was dressed in the Urim and the Tumim, and the receptacle of the lots was before Joshua, as it is stated: “I will cast lots for you here before the Lord [our God]” (Joshua 18:6). Before the lots are drawn, Elazar says by means of the Divine Spirit: Such and such tribe will be drawn, which will receive in such and such place. Joshua extends his hand and it is drawn, as it is stated: “These are the inheritances that Elazar the priest and Joshua son of Nun…apportioned [by lot]” (Joshua 19:51). Moreover, the lot would cry out as it is being drawn: ‘I am the lot of such and such tribe; I have been drawn in such and such place.’ From where is it derived that the lot would speak? It is as it is written: “According to [al pi]¹¹Literally, by the mouth, or at the directive. the lot.”