Commentaire de citation sur Le Deutéronome 21:20

If he ate it in a company [celebrating] a religious act; or at a gathering for the purpose of intercalating the month; if he ate the second tithe in Jerusalem; if he ate the carrion or terefoth (meat that was not slaughtered in a kosher, abominable and creeping things, or untithed produce, or the first tithe from which terumah had not been separated, or unredeemed second tithe, or unredeemed sacred food; if his eating involved a religious act or a transgression; if he ate any food but did not eat meat or drank any drink but did not drink wine, he does not become a ‘stubborn and rebellious son, unless he eats meat and drinks wine, for it is written, “This our son is stubborn and rebellious, he will not obey our voice;] he is a glutton and a drunkard” (Deut. 21:20). Although there is no clear proof for this, there is at least a hint, as it is says, “Do not be among wine drinkers, among gluttonous meat eaters of flesh (Proverbs 23:20). This section lists all sorts of circumstances of eating and drinking that would not cause him to be a wayward and rebellious son. These circumstances can be divided into two types: 1) religious celebrations; 2) consumption of forbidden food. If he ate at a religious celebration he cannot be punished since it is praiseworthy to eat much wine and meat at such affairs. These types of affairs are listed in the first three clauses of the section. Second tithe, mentioned in section b, is consumed only in Jerusalem, and therefore by eating it there he is fulfilling a religious duty. Clauses c and d list several foods that are forbidden to be consumed, whether they are agricultural products who have not had the agricultural offerings separated from them (untithed produce, etc.), meat that was not slaughtered properly (carrion or terefoth) or animals that are forbidden to eat (abominable and creeping things). The Talmud explains that eating or drinking these things do not make one a wayward and rebellious son because the parents state, “He does not listen to our voice”, whereas one who eats these things doesn’t listen even to God’s voice. A wayward and rebellious son is only defiant to his parents but not to his entire religious obligation. Finally the mishnah reminds us that he must have eaten meat and drunk wine in order to become a wayward and rebellious son. Eating other food gluttonously and getting drunk off other beverages will not make a child liable to be punished as a wayward and rebellious son.

נבילות וטריפות שקצים ורמשים – as it is written (Deuteronomy 21:20): “[This son of ours is disloyal and defiant;] he does not heed us…,” and it is not this, for even does not listen to the voice of God.

ראויה לאביו – equivalent and similar to his father in voice, in appearance and in stature, as it is written (Deuteronomy 21:20): “…he does not heed us,” since it is not written [in the Torah]: “in our voices.” We learn from this, one voice for both. And from the voice, we require that it be equivalent. Appearance and stature also we require equivalence. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.

when the basest to the sons of men is elevated Heb. כרם זלות לבני אדם [They walk on all sides] because of their envy, for they are jealous of my greatness, that I was taken from behind the sheep to be a king. This is the interpretation of כרם זלות לבני אדם: when a man considered by the sons of men to be base is elevated. This is on the order of the passage elsewhere (below 118:22): “The stone that the builders rejected became a cornerstone.” The Midrash Aggadah interprets it concerning Israel in the future, when they will be elevated. [Unknown Midrashic source] Menachem interprets כרם זלות לבני אדם (pp. 78, 164): like a gluttonous wild ox to devour the sons of men. Accordingly, כרם is rendered: like a רים or ראם, and זלות is like (Deut. 21:20) זולל וסבא, “a glutton and a drunkard.” The following is its interpretation: The wicked walk on all sides around the poor man; the wicked walk to swallow him for naught, as a wild ox to swallow the sons of men.