Commentaire de citation sur Rois 2 8:13

1. Eliyahu HaNavi never anoints Chaza’eil and Yeihu; instead, Elisha anoints Chaza’eil (Melachim II 8:13) and Elisha’s student (whom Chazal identify as none other than Yonah ben Amitai) anoints Yeihu (Melachim II 9:1-4).

Let us see how this is applied in practice.¹⁰¹The following section is greatly influenced by Rav Elchanan Samet’s analysis that appears in his Pirkei Eliyahu. A major difference is that Rav Samet assumes that Eliyahu HaNavi moderates his tone and style somewhat after he returns from Choreiv. This author and TABC students over the years have found this unconvincing, and thus we have presented an alternative explanation as to why Eliyahu HaNavi outsources the appointments of Chaza’eil and Yeihu to Elisha. In Melachim II 8:13, Elisha informs Chaza’eil that he will be the new king, and predicts that he will inflict extremely harsh punishment upon Am Yisrael. However, while Chaza’eil does attack northern Israel¹⁰²Chaza’eil’s attack is partially documented in the famous Tel Dan Stele, on display at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. as recorded in Melachim II 12-13, the damage is dramatically less severe than predicted by Elisha. What is the reason for this change?

L’MOSHCHAH BAHEM’ (TO BE ANOINTED IN THEM). “L’moshchah means to be raised to dignity by means of them, for the term m’shichah (anointing) is sometimes used in the sense of ‘authority,’ just as in these expressions: unto thee have I given them ‘l’moshchah’ (as a distinction);²⁰¹Numbers 18:8. touch not ‘bimshichai’ (My noble ones).”²⁰²Psalms 105:15. This is Rashi’s language. Perhaps it is so. For because authority in Israel belonged to those who were anointed — the king and the High Priest — they used the term [“anointing”] metaphorically for all kinds of authority. Similarly, when it says, thou shalt anoint Hazael to be king over Aram… and Elisha the son of Shaphat of Abel-meholah shalt thou anoint to be prophet in thy stead,²⁰³I Kings 19:15-16. [the term “anoint” is used metaphorically — “appoint” or “designate”]. Here, however, the correct interpretation of l’moshchah bahem is to anoint with the garments the High Priests above their sons, and to consecrate them to offer the sacrifices. Likewise, unto thee have I given them ‘l’moshchah’²⁰¹Numbers 18:8. means that I have given them [i.e., the priestly gifts] because I have anointed you to minister unto Me.²⁰⁴Above, Verse 1. Similarly, touch not ‘bimshichai’²⁰²Psalms 105:15. means that he who touches them touches the anointed ones of G-d [i.e., the kings] who are destined to come from them, as He said, and kings shall come out from thy loins;²⁰⁵Genesis 35:11. kings of peoples shall be of her.²⁰⁶Ibid., 17:16.
It is even possible that we say that the expression thou shalt anoint Hazael to be king over Aram,²⁰³I Kings 19:15-16. means that he [i.e., Elijah] is to send him oil to be anointed as king, in order to inform him that this was the command of G-d; and Elisha [his disciple] did so in accordance with the charge of his master when he told Hazael that he will rule as king.²⁰⁷II Kings 8:13. Now even though it is not written there, [he yet actually anointed him as king], and [so did Elijah] anoint Elisha as a prophet [in accordance with G-d’s command to him]. Perhaps they²⁰⁸The prophets who lived in the time of Cyrus. also did so to Cyrus [king of Persia] whom they anointed like the kings of Israel, in order that he would know that it was a prophet in Israel who prophesied that he would reign, and [generations before his birth] he even called forth his name, for [the glory of] G-d. Therefore [Isaiah] said, to His anointed, to Cyrus,²⁰⁹Isaiah 45:1. upon which our Rabbis have commented:²¹⁰Megillah 12a. “And was Cyrus the anointed one? etc.”²¹¹“Rather, the Holy One, blessed be He, said to the Messiah: “I complain to you about Cyrus. I said he will build My house and gather My exiles, but he said, Whosoever there is among you of all His people… let him go up.” (Ezra 1:3) — From this text it would appear that the Rabbis understood the verse to mean that Cyrus was really anointed [for otherwise there would have been no place at all for their question], except that he later became impaired in character. Thus all these verses speak of real anointing. However, the verse stating, The spirit of the Eternal G-d is upon me; because the Eternal ‘mashach’ me to bring good tidings unto the humble,²¹²Isaiah 61:1. is by way of metaphor, comparing the holy spirit which came to rest upon the prophet with precious oil, similar to that which is said, A good name is better than precious oil.²¹³Ecclesiastes 7:1.