תנ"ך ופרשנות
תנ"ך ופרשנות

פירוש על שמות 27:21

Tiferet Shlomo

...
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Rashi on Exodus

מערב עד בקר FROM EVENING TO MORNING — Give it its due measure of oil so that it may burn from evening to morning. Our Rabbis estimated half a log of oil as sufficient for the nights of Tebeth which are long, and they ordained a similar quantity for every night of the year, and if any were left over on the shorter nights it did not matter (Menachot 89a).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Or HaChaim on Exodus

מאת בני ישראל. From the children of Israel. We may interpret these words according to the Tossephta Shekalim chapter 2 where we are told that all public offerings which are offered on the first of Nissan should preferably be of money donated for the offerings of the year just beginning; even if they are from money donated during the previous year they are acceptable as long as the money for them has been donated by an individual who has first made it over to the treasurer of the Temple so that it becomes public property. Our verse tells us something similar; the oil donated for the Lampstand becomes public property after the donor has turned it over to Moses as representative of the people.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Tur HaArokh

מערב עד בוקר, “from evening until morning.” This is an instruction to supply sufficient oil to each of the lamps to enable it to keep burning all night long without need for a refill of oil. The amount of oil provided was a constant, i.e. half a log, however allowance was made for the nights being longer in the winter by providing thinner or thicker wicks in accordance with the seasonal factors involved.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Siftei Chakhamim

Put into it the amount necessary for it to burn. . . Rashi is answering the question: The verse seems to say that the amount required for arranging the lamp is from evening to morning, i.e., Aharon should arrange the lamps all night long. If so, when does he kindle them? Therefore Rashi explains: “Put into it the amount necessary for it to burn,” i.e., Aharon should arrange the lamps so they will burn from evening to morning — not that he should arrange them from evening to morning. There can be no fixed amount [of oil] because it depends on the wicks. If they are thick, even a whole log will not suffice. [So how did the Sages estimate that the amount of oil is a half a log?] The answer is: Each lamp had a holder for the wick, and the holder allowed only wicks of a certain thickness. (Re”m)
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Rav Hirsch on Torah

V. 21. באהל מועד. Der allgemeinste Name des Heiligtums, von יעד verwandt, mit יחד, eine Zusammenkunft bestimmen. Siehe zu Kap. 25, 21. מועד: Zeit, oder wie hier: Ort zu einer solchen Zusammenkunft. Entweder: insofern durch das Heiligtum die durch die hingebungsvolle Aufnahme des Gesetzes bewirkte besondere Gottesgegenwart in Israel manifestiert wird; oder: insofern Gott es zur Offenbarungsstätte an Mosche für Israel (siehe das,), sowie zur Stätte bestimmt hat, wo Israel seine Verbindung mit Gott immer aufs neue zu betätigen, immer aufs neue zur "Vereinigung mit Gott hinzutreten hat". Nächst dem Vorhandensein der Gesetzeszeugnisstätte, דביר, der "Wortstätte"; der Quelle des Lichtes, bedingt die Bedeutung des "Zeltes", als אהל מועד als Zelt des Zusammenfindens mit Gott, die stete Pflege des "Lichtes" am Baume der Nationalgeistesentwicklung.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Daat Zkenim on Exodus

מערב עד בוקר, “from evening to the next morning;” according to Rashi, this means that the menorah’s lights are to burn from nightfall to sunrise, the amount of oil in each lamp being calculated according to the length of the night in the month of Kislev. The amount of oil required was half a log, and although there would be oil left over during the summer months, no attention was paid to that. Rabbi Yitzchok son of Avraham, of blessed memory, does not accept this interpretation from Rashi as it would involve wasting holy oil. He therefore suggests that the wicks used in the summer were thicker than those in the winter months so that all the oil would be burned up. This is also why the Talmud, tractate Yuma folio 23, states that the material the wicks were made of was the discarded garments of the priests. [In other words, nothing was wasted if at all possible. Ed.]
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Chizkuni

אשר על העדות, “which is over the Ark.” The word: על, here cannot be translated as “above, or on,” as we have been told that the candlestick stood on the same floor as the Ark, although it was divided from it by the dividing curtain. This is not the only time that the word על is used as meaning: “beside,” compare Leviticus 24,7, and Exodus 40,3, where there are two more such examples, as well as in Genesis 24,30.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Rav Hirsch on Torah

מחוץ לפרכת אשר על העדות. Ebenso wiederholt Wajikra 24. 3: מחוץ לפדכת העדות: dem der תורה sich zuwendenden und aus der תורה sich erleuchtenden Menschengeiste ist stets gegenwärtig zu halten, daß er außerhalb der תורה stehe, dass das Gesetz ihm ein Gegebenes, dass es nicht selbst ein Produkt des Menschengeistes sei, dass er seine Erkenntnis und seine Erleuchtung an dem Gesetze und aus dem Gesetze zu schöpfen und zu mehren, nimmer aber sein Licht alterierend, reformierend etc. in das Gebiet des Gesetzes hineinzutragen habe; hat sich stets die Cherubim gegenwärtig zu halten, die scheidend und schirmend um das Gesetz niedersteigen und nötigenfalls das Gesetz gegen eine Geistesrichtung zu wahren haben, die, ihre Stellung verkennend, sich gegen die Unantastbarkeit des göttlichen Gesetzes kehren könnte, und statt sich als lernende Jünger zu Füßen des göttlichen Gesetzes zu lagern, sich einer hochmütigen Meisterschaft über das Gesetz zu vermessen wagen möchte.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Chizkuni

אהרן ובניו, “Aaron and his sons.” What is meant is: either Aaron or one of his sons.”
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Rav Hirsch on Torah

יערוך אותו אהרן ובניו. Nicht יעלה וגו׳. Unter עריכה ist wohl zunächst die הטבה, das Instandsetzen der Lampen, die Säuberung, die Versorgung mit Öl und Docht zu verstehen. Die הדלקה ist nicht ausschließlich auf den כהן beschränkt, obgleich in der Regel seine Aufgabe. (Siehe zu V. 20.)
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Chizkuni

מערב עד בקר, “from evening until morning.” The sages estimated the amount of oil as being half a log, (275 cubic cm). There was no excess, as during the winter months they adjusted this by using coarser wicks. (Rashi did not feel comfortable with excess oil having to be thrown away, that is why he preferred this solution.)
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Rav Hirsch on Torah

מערב עד בקר: Sämtliche sieben Lampen erhielten nur so viel Öl, um vom Abend bis zum Morgen zu brennen. Als Aufgabe für die Volksgesamtheit gehört der Tag vorzugsweise der Arbeit, der Tat, und nur die Muße der Nacht der Arbeit des Geistes. Das נר מערבי brannte gleichwohl bis zu den Zeiten des שמעון הצדיק, ungeachtet des gleichen Ölmaßes von Abend zu Abend. Wenn es nach dessen Zeiten morgens verlöscht gefunden ward, wurde es vom Altarfeuer wieder angezündet. (Siehe oben Kap. 25, Ende und zu Wajikra 6, 6 u. 24, 3.)
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Sefer HaMitzvot

That is that He commanded the priests to kindle the lamps regularly in front of the Lord. And that is His, may His name be blessed, saying, "Aharon and his sons shall set them up" (Exodus 27:21)." And this is the commandment of arrangement of the lamps. And the laws of this commandment have already been explained in the eighth chapter of Menachot, in the first chapter of Yoma and in Tractate Tamid. (See Parashat Tetzaveh; Mishneh Torah, Daily Offerings and Additional Offerings 3.)
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
פסוק קודםפרק מלאפסוק הבא