מדרש על בראשית 29:31

And the Lord saw that Leah was hated (Gen. 29:31). May our master teach us: May a man pronounce a blessing over the fragrance of spices employed in idolatrous worship? Our masters teach us: One may not pronounce a blessing over the light, the spices, or the fragrance of spices employed in idolatrous worship. If one should pass a spice shop in the market, he is required to offer a blessing, but if the fragrance emanates from an idolatrous service he must not do so. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Israel: Be not misled by idolatrous worship, for it is worthless, as it is said: Eyes have they but they see not … they that make them shall be like unto them (Ps. 115:5, 8).

“All the people who were in the gate, and the elders, said: We are witnesses. May the Lord render the woman who is coming into your house like Rachel and like Leah, the two of whom built the house of Israel; prosper in Efrat, and proclaim a name in Bethlehem” (Ruth 4:11).
“All the people who were in the gate…” Most of those participating in the feast were from Leah; therefore they accorded priority to Rachel.²⁵¹Most of those present were from the tribe of Judah, a son of Leah. Therefore, they mentioned Rachel before Leah so that it would not appear that they were according honor to themselves. Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: Rachel was his primary wife, as it is stated: “Rachel was barren [akara]” (Genesis 29:31), [alluding to the fact that she was] primary [ikar]. Rabbi Shimon bar Yoḥai taught: Because they said things against Rachel,²⁵²Her enemies would attribute her barrenness to her character flaws. therefore [all the tribes of Israel] are called her children, as it is written: “Rachel is weeping over her children” (Jeremiah 31:15).²⁵³The verse is referring to the entire nation of Israel, not just the tribes who descended from Rachel. The same is true of the verses in Amos and Jeremiah cited below. They are not only attributed to her; they are even attributed to her son: “Perhaps the Lord, God of hosts, will be gracious to the remnant of Joseph” (Amos 5:15). They are not only attributed to her son; they are even attributed to her grandson, as it is stated: “Is Ephraim My favorite son, a delightful child?” (Jeremiah 31:20).

(Gen. 29:31:) WHEN THE LORD SAW THAT LEAH WAS HATED. This text is related (to Ps. 145:14): THE LORD UPHOLDS ALL WHO FALL AND RAISES UP ALL WHO ARE BOWED DOWN. {It is not said < in the text > "All who stand upright," but ALL WHO ARE BOWED DOWN. And does he also raise up the wicked?} R. Hiyya said: The behavior of the Holy One is not like the behavior of one who is flesh-and-blood. According to flesh-and-blood behavior, < if > one has a wealthy friend, he clings to him and pines for him; but, as soon as his power (literally: hand) declines and he becomes poor, he laughs at him. With the Holy One, however, things are not like that. As soon as he sees someone whose power is down, he gives him a hand and raises him up. Thus it is stated (ibid.): THE LORD UPHOLDS ALL WHO FALL. It is not said < in the text > "All who stand," but ALL WHO FALL. (Ibid., cont.:) AND RAISES UP ALL WHO ARE BOWED DOWN. Would you say that he also raises up the wicked, if they come to a fall? No, for it is stated (in Ps. 36:13 [12]): THERE THE EVILDOERS HAVE FALLEN; THEY ARE THRUST DOWN AND CANNOT RISE. They have fallen; there is no standing for them. Why? Because it is stated (in Ps. 35:5): < THEY SHALL BE > LIKE CHAFF BEFORE THE WIND WITH THE ANGEL OF THE LORD OVERTHROWING THEM. But those who are righteous (according to Ps. 145:14): THE LORD UPHOLDS. As soon as the Holy One saw that Leah was hated, he said: How am I to make her dear to her husband? Just look, I am raising her up and giving her children first so that she will become loved by her husband. Therefore (according to Gen. 29:31): WHEN THE LORD SAW THAT LEAH WAS HATED. Now it also says (in I Chron. 2:18): AND CALEB BEN HEZRON HAD CHILDREN BY AZUBAH, A WIFE, AND BY JERIOTH; AND THESE WERE HER SONS: JESHER, SHOBAB, AND ARDON. R. Berekhyah said: She was his wife.³²The biblical text actually states that Azubah and Jerioth were Caleb’s daughters, but Exod. R. 1:17 explains in the name of R. Johanan, “that in the case of anyone who takes a wife for the sake of heaven above (i.e., for no reason beyond producing children), he is recorded as having given birth to her.” Then why was she called Azubah? Because she was abandoned (azubah) and ugly. The Holy One said: Look, I am giving her children so that she will become beautiful through them. Thus it is stated (ibid.): AND THESE WERE HER SONS: JESHER, SHOBAB, AND ARDON. It is therefore stated (in Ps. 145:14): THE LORD UPHOLDS ALL WHO FALL AND RAISES UP ALL WHO ARE BOWED DOWN.