Tafsiran Ester 1:10: Tze'enah Ure'enah, Rashi & Targum Sheni

“On the seventh day” [1:10]. When the seventh day came, the king was in good spirits and the ministers started boasting to one another. Each one said, I have a beautiful wife. The fool Ahasuerus came and said, your wives are nothing compared to my wife when it comes to beauty. You should not think that because she is wearing beautiful clothes and she is a queen, is why she is beautiful. The ministers said, let her come naked, without clothes, then we will see if she is beautiful. Immediately, Ahasuerus said that Vashti should be brought naked, but she should wear her crown.¹⁷Yalkut Shimoni, Esther, Remez, 1049. Rabbi Abba said: the seventh day was the Sabbath when Vashti was brought naked and she was killed on the Sabbath. This is because she took Jewish daughters on the Sabbath and they had to spin on the Sabbath, naked.¹⁸B. Megillah, 12b.

On the seventh day. Our Rabbis said²²Maseches Megillah 12b. that it was on Shabbos.²³Corresponding to “the seventh day” of the week.

On the seventh day, when the king and the hundred and twenty-seven crowned princes who were with him were merry with wine, a dispute arose among them about indecent things. The kings of the West said, Our women are the handsomest. The others said the same of their women. Ahhashverosh also took part in the dispute, and in his drunken freak said: "There are no more beautiful in the world than the Babylonian; but if you will not believe me, I shall send for the Babylonian wife which I have in the palace, and you shall see that she surpasses in beauty all your wives." Immediately King Ahhashverosh sent seven eunuchs to the queen.