Halakha Mazmur 107:32: Mishneh Torah, Blessings, Kitzur Shulchan Arukh & Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim

Four categories of individuals are required to offer thanksgiving: A person who had been sick and has recovered, a prisoner who has been released from prison, voyagers when they have landed, and travellers in the desert when they reach settled territory. The thanksgiving is to be offered in the presence of ten persons, of whom two, at least, must be scholars; as it is said "Let them exalt Him in the assembly of the people and praise Him in the seat of the elders" (Ps. 107:32). How is this thanksgiving offered, and what is the form of the blessing? The individual (who has occasion for gratitude) rises in the assembly and says the following blessing: "Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, who vouchsafest benefits unto the undeserving, who hast also vouchsafed good unto me. All the hearers present say: "He who hath vouchsafed good unto thee, may He vouchsafe good unto thee forever."

The berachah [Hagomeil] should be said in the presence of ten [male adults] besides the one who is saying the berachah.²According to Mishnah Berurah the one who is saying Hagomeil may be included in the quorum of ten [216: 6] Two of them should be scholars who are engaged in the study of Torah, as it is said: "Let them exalt Him in the assembly of the people and praise Him in the seat of the elders."³Psalms 107: 32. But if no scholars are present this should not deter him [from saying the berachah]. It is customary to say the berachah [Hagomeil] when called to the reading of the Torah after the concluding berachah. You should not intentionally delay [saying Hagomeil] longer than three days. Consequently, if you were saved [from danger] on Monday [after the Torah was read], you should say Hagomeil immediately without the Torah scroll, and not wait until [the next Torah reading on] Thursday. Likewise, if a person is a mourner, who may not be called to the Torah, he should not wait, but say [Hagomeil] immediately [after being saved from danger], but he should say it while standing⁴The berachah Hagomeil should always be said while you are standing, but if, unavoidably, you said it while sitting, you fulfilled your obligation. (Mishnah Berurah 219: 4) before ten [male adults], as mentioned above. If it so happened, that you did delay [saying Hagomeil] longer than three days, you may still say it afterwards.

One must recite this blessing before ten people, two of whom should be Torah scholars, as it is written "let them exalt Him in the congregation of the people and praise Him in the assembly of elders." If Torah scholars are not available he should not refrain from blessing. The custom is to bless after the Torah reading since ten are present. If he blessed before fewer than ten, some say he has fulfilled his obligation and some say he has not — it is best to bless again before ten without mentioning God's name and kingship.