Pemikiran Yahudi Kejadian 14:19: Akeidat Yitzchak

Abraham, who according to Rabbi Eliezer Hamoda-i, wore a horoscope around his neck, felt that life is being in the presence of G-d’s majesty, observing Him in action and modelling oneself after the attitudes and characteristics manifest in the universe, the universe representing an extension of the essence of G-d. For that reason, Rabbi Eliezer said that wise men from all over were attracted to Abraham, rising early in order to be able to be near him. Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai, who said that Abraham wore a jewel around his throat, and that whosoever was sick and looked at that jewel became cured immediately, means to tell us that Abraham was not content to act piously, but that he exerted himself to explain to others the reasons for his behavior. This is the significance of the jewel around his throat. Anyone sick in mind, due to feeling the pointlessness of his existence, would be healed upon exposure to Abraham's words and deeds. When G-d removed that jewel from Abraham's throat after his death, as we are told, and transferred it to the sun's orbit, this is an allegorical reference to nature as a whole. Anyone smitten with faulty views about the meaning of life, the universe, and the purpose of his existence, would be able to find answers through the study of astronomy, the motion of the stars in the heavens. He would be forced to conclude that all this was the handiwork of G-d, the Creator, who continues to exert His will on all these heavenly constellations. Malki Tzedek already described G-d as the owner of heaven and earth. Abraham too said, "I raise my hand to the Lord G-d, the supreme Power, owner of heaven and earth" (Genesis 14,22). Since Abraham saw in the universe a hand that guided inexorably, he did not implore G-d in prayer as we do today, thinking that what had been preordained would happen anyways. Abraham learned at the covenant between the pieces that "laws of nature" are only one, albeit most important aspect of G-d’s work, when G-d in answer to his question revealed that horoscopic prescience is not absolute, and that He the Creator reserved the right to change His law whenever He would see fit. Abraham, believing G-d, learned and assimilated a world-shaking truth on that occasion. At that point Abraham wanted to know what guarantee there was that when the time would come, G-d would indeed exercise His prerogative in order to keep a promise that seemed to conflict with natural law. This freedom of action enabled G-d as owner, to distribute the land to whomsoever he saw fit; this is why the Torah starts with "Bereshit,” to announce who it is that has the right to dispossess nations (Psalms 111,6, "The power of His actions He made known to the nations, to allocate to them the inheritance of other nations"). Gradually, as that realization became worldwide, paganism retreated and fatalistic convictions became rare. True, there are still heretics, philosophers even amongst our own people who deny these facts; but this is only poisoned reasoning prompted by the yetzer hara, the evil urge.

Yalkut Shimoni on Joshua 22 item 247 relates that when Joshua told the sun, "Stand still," the sun replied, "You are telling me to stand still?!" Joshua said, "Yes!" The sun said, "If I stand still, who will sing the praises of G-d during that time?" Joshua replied, "You be still and I will sing the praises of G-d, as is written in the book of Joshua "Az,” "Then Joshua would say etc.," and we know that wherever the expression “az” is used it is followed by a song of praise (Joshua 10,12). Similarly, “az yashir Moshe,” then Moses would sing a song of praise (Exodus 15,1). The Yalkut exemplifies what we have explained before. The sun testifies to the presence of its Master, i.e. G-d, by its very orderly and predictable orbit. Its failure to perform on time, might give rise to the notion that coincidences govern the universe. Joshua replied that there is another way to testify to the existence of an absolute and free Master, and that this was what he proposed to do by means of working a supernatural, temporary miracle, arresting the sun's motion. A slightly different version of the same conversation between the sun and Joshua has the sun saying, "How can a small one say to a big one ‘Be silent, stand still?!’" The sun meant that having been created already on the fourth day of creation, how could it accept orders from a mere mortal who had only been created on the sixth day of creation?! It did not need to accept orders from its juniors. Joshua's reply was, "Does a young freeman never tell an older slave to keep still? You are the slave, having been created to serve the freeman Abraham. You have bowed to Joseph, (‘The sun, moon, and stars were bowing down to me,’ Genesis 37,9). This makes you merely a bondsman.” The end of that version is similar to that in the Yalkut.

Proclaiming the name of G'd (verse 3) is designed to make the people listen to Moses' speech, and to put on record G'ds absolute perfection. Verse four is very precise about that. Moses is anxious to preclude the thought that any future disasters befalling the Jewish people could be rooted in an imperfection on the part of G'd. The very idea that Israel could repay a G'd who had proven His perfection with evil for the good He has done for it, can only be due to the fact that it is Israel who is a foolish and unwise people.(verse 6) Moses extols G'ds unique role which far exceeds what any natural father would have done for his son. G'ds claim on the Jewish people is therefore that much stronger than the claim of a natural father on his son. Moses credits G'd with four distinct contributions to Israel's existence. "Your father, --your owner,--who has made you,--and who preserves and maintains you." 1) He brought us into the world, just like a father begets us. 2) He continues to own what He has created, not like an artist or craftsman who sells his creations. 3) Unlike the natural father who is only one of the causes contributing to a son being born, seeing that there is also a mother, G'd is the sole Maker of the Jewish person or nation. 4) He maintains His comprehensive supervision over us during our entire lifetime, something a natural father could not do even if he wanted to. To establish the truth of the four points made, Moses says "remember the six, respectively seven days of creation," and you will understand about the fact that G'd has fathered you. When you reflect on "the years of generations past," you will agree that no one has a prior claim on you. "Ask your father," and he will tell you that whereas a natural father when he sires a son did not plan to create a specific personality, G'd did have this in mind. "Your elders, and they will tell you." They will inform you that there is no other force in the world that can assure your continued existence except He. (verse 7)