כִּ֤י תִבְצֹר֙ כַּרְמְךָ֔ לֹ֥א תְעוֹלֵ֖ל אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ לַגֵּ֛ר לַיָּת֥וֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָ֖ה יִהְיֶֽה׃
Apabila engkau memetik buah anggur di kebun anggurmu, janganlah engkau memetik tandan-tandan kecil yang tersisa sesudah itu; itu harus menjadi milik orang asing, anak yatim, dan janda.
Eikhah Rabbah
“May it not befall you, all wayfarers. Look and see: Is there any pain like my pain, which has been done to me, with which the Lord has tormented me on the day of His enflamed wrath?” (Lamentations 1:12).
“May it not befall you,” the congregation of Israel says to the nations of the world: Let what befell us not befall you. Let what happened to me not happen to you; “all wayfarers [overei derekh],” all violators of [overei] the way [derekh] of Torah. “Look and see.” We learned there: The sentence of the generation of the Flood lasted twelve months, the sentence of the Egyptians lasted twelve months, the sentence of Job lasted twelve months, the sentence of Gog and Magog lasts twelve months, the sentence of the wicked in Gehenna lasts twelve months.148Mishna Eduyot 2:10. Nebuchadnezzar was three and a half years. Sennacherib was over three and a half years. Vespasian was three and a half years.149The respective sieges of Nebuchadnezzar, leading to the destruction of the first Temple, and Vespasian, leading to the destruction of the second Temple, lasted three and a half years each. This demonstrates how the suffering of the Jews during that time was unparalleled.
“Look and see: Is there any pain like my pain, which has been done [olal] to me.” He was exacting with me and plucked my gleanings [olalti], just as it says: “When you harvest your vineyard [you shall not glean [teolel] behind you]” (Deuteronomy 24:21).150It is forbidden to pluck the grapes in clusters that are not fully formed, which must be left for the poor. However, the enemies of Jerusalem killed everyone and destroyed everything. “With which the Lord has tormented me on the day of His enflamed wrath.” Rabbi Aḥa said: The enflamed wrath of the Holy One blessed be He was one day. Had Israel repented, they would have cooled it.
“May it not befall you,” the congregation of Israel says to the nations of the world: Let what befell us not befall you. Let what happened to me not happen to you; “all wayfarers [overei derekh],” all violators of [overei] the way [derekh] of Torah. “Look and see.” We learned there: The sentence of the generation of the Flood lasted twelve months, the sentence of the Egyptians lasted twelve months, the sentence of Job lasted twelve months, the sentence of Gog and Magog lasts twelve months, the sentence of the wicked in Gehenna lasts twelve months.148Mishna Eduyot 2:10. Nebuchadnezzar was three and a half years. Sennacherib was over three and a half years. Vespasian was three and a half years.149The respective sieges of Nebuchadnezzar, leading to the destruction of the first Temple, and Vespasian, leading to the destruction of the second Temple, lasted three and a half years each. This demonstrates how the suffering of the Jews during that time was unparalleled.
“Look and see: Is there any pain like my pain, which has been done [olal] to me.” He was exacting with me and plucked my gleanings [olalti], just as it says: “When you harvest your vineyard [you shall not glean [teolel] behind you]” (Deuteronomy 24:21).150It is forbidden to pluck the grapes in clusters that are not fully formed, which must be left for the poor. However, the enemies of Jerusalem killed everyone and destroyed everything. “With which the Lord has tormented me on the day of His enflamed wrath.” Rabbi Aḥa said: The enflamed wrath of the Holy One blessed be He was one day. Had Israel repented, they would have cooled it.
Sifra
1) (Vayikra 19:10) "And your vineyard you shall not glean; and the fallow fruit (peret) of your vineyard you shall not gather. To the poor man and to the stranger you shall leave them; I am the L–rd your G d.") "And your vineyard you shall not glean (te'oleil)": From here they ruled: A vineyard which is all oleiloth (tendrils which have no grapes bunched together or hanging down from the end) — R. Eliezer says: It belongs to the owner; R. Akiva says: It belongs to the poor. R. Eliezer (to R. Akiva): It is written (Devarim 24:21): "When you harvest the grapes of your vineyard, you shall not glean it" — If there is no harvest, whence the gleanings? R. Akiva: But it is written "and your harvest you shall not glean" — even if it is all gleanings. If so, what is the intent of "when you harvest you shall not glean"? I might think that since Scripture permitted the gleanings to the poor, they could come and take them whenever they wished; it is, therefore, written "When you harvest … you shall not glean." The poor have no rights to the gleanings before the harvest.
Bamidbar Rabbah
“Israel sent messengers to Siḥon, king of the Emorites, saying” (Numbers 21:21).
“Israel sent messengers” – this is what the verse said: “Trust in the Lord and perform good; dwell in the land and cultivate faith” (Psalms 37:3), and it says: “Turn away from evil and perform good; seek peace and pursue it” (Psalms 34:15). But the Torah did not insist upon pursuing mitzvot, but rather: “If a bird’s nest should happen before you” (Deuteronomy 22:6); “if you encounter [your enemy’s ox]” (Exodus 23:4); if you see – “if you see a donkey” (Exodus 23:5); “when you beat your olive tree” (Deuteronomy 24:20); “when you harvest your vineyard” (Deuteronomy 24:21); “when you enter another’s vineyard” (Deuteronomy 23:25). If they present an opportunity, you are commanded in their regard, but not to pursue them. But peace, “seek peace” – in your place; “and pursue it” – elsewhere. This is what Israel did. Although the Holy One blessed be He said to them: “Begin taking possession, and provoke war with him” (Deuteronomy 2:24), they pursued peace: “Israel sent messengers to Siḥon.… let me pass” (Numbers 21:21–22).81The verse as quoted here in Hebrew includes the word “please [na].” It does not appear in the actual verse. It does appear in Judges 11:17, regarding a similar message sent to the king of Edom.
“Israel sent messengers” – this is what the verse said: “Trust in the Lord and perform good; dwell in the land and cultivate faith” (Psalms 37:3), and it says: “Turn away from evil and perform good; seek peace and pursue it” (Psalms 34:15). But the Torah did not insist upon pursuing mitzvot, but rather: “If a bird’s nest should happen before you” (Deuteronomy 22:6); “if you encounter [your enemy’s ox]” (Exodus 23:4); if you see – “if you see a donkey” (Exodus 23:5); “when you beat your olive tree” (Deuteronomy 24:20); “when you harvest your vineyard” (Deuteronomy 24:21); “when you enter another’s vineyard” (Deuteronomy 23:25). If they present an opportunity, you are commanded in their regard, but not to pursue them. But peace, “seek peace” – in your place; “and pursue it” – elsewhere. This is what Israel did. Although the Holy One blessed be He said to them: “Begin taking possession, and provoke war with him” (Deuteronomy 2:24), they pursued peace: “Israel sent messengers to Siḥon.… let me pass” (Numbers 21:21–22).81The verse as quoted here in Hebrew includes the word “please [na].” It does not appear in the actual verse. It does appear in Judges 11:17, regarding a similar message sent to the king of Edom.