לֹא־יַחֲבֹ֥ל רֵחַ֖יִם וָרָ֑כֶב כִּי־נֶ֖פֶשׁ ה֥וּא חֹבֵֽל׃ (ס)
Janganlah seseorang mengambil batu kilangan bawah atau batu kilangan atas sebagai gadai, sebab dengan begitu ia mengambil nyawa sebagai gadai.
Bereshit Rabbah
“And your desire shall be for your husband” – there are four desires. The desire of a woman is only for her husband, as it is stated: “And your desire shall be for your husband.” The desire of the evil inclination is only for Cain and his counterparts, as it is stated: “[Sin crouches at the entrance,] and its desire is for you” (Genesis 4:7). The desire of rain is only for the ground, as it is stated: “You remember the earth and fulfill its desire…[the streams of God are full of water]” (Psalms 65:10). The desire of the Holy One blessed be He is only for Israel, as it is stated: “His desire is for me” (Song of Songs 7:11).
Another matter, “his desire [teshukato] [is for me]” – we are exhausted [tashim], but even though we are exhausted, we hope [mekavim] for the salvation of the Holy One blessed be He, and we declare the unity of His name each day.
Another matter, “and your desire shall be for your husband” – when a woman is sitting on the birthing stool, she says: ‘I will never be intimate with my husband anymore.’ But the Holy One blessed be He says to her: ‘You will return to your desire, you will return to desiring your husband.’ Rabbi Berekhya and Rabbi Simon said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai: Because her30Referring to the woman who has just given birth. heart fluttered, that is why she brings a fluttering offering – two turtledoves or two young pigeons.31Leviticus 12:8.
“And he shall rule over you” – Rabbi Yosei HaGelili said: One might think that this means dominion in every sense. Therefore the verse states: “[When a man has taken a new wife…he shall cheer his wife whom he has taken. He shall not yaḥavol the upper and lower millstones” (Deuteronomy 24:5–6).32Yaḥavol is usually understood here as taking an object for collateral for a loan. The Midrash interprets the word in its more usual sense, to injure, and it interprets the millstones as a metaphor for one’s wife (see Ibn Era on Deuteronomy 24:6). Thus the verse forbids physical aggressiveness against one’s wife.
There was an incident involving a certain woman from the Tevaryanus family who was married to a robber, and her husband mistreated her. The Sages heard, and they went to her house to rebuke him. When she came before the Sages, she took out before them a golden candlestick with an earthenware lamp upon it,33This symbolized the coarse man upon the gentle woman. affirming what is stated: “And your desire shall be for your husband.”34No matter what, she desires him.
Another matter, “his desire [teshukato] [is for me]” – we are exhausted [tashim], but even though we are exhausted, we hope [mekavim] for the salvation of the Holy One blessed be He, and we declare the unity of His name each day.
Another matter, “and your desire shall be for your husband” – when a woman is sitting on the birthing stool, she says: ‘I will never be intimate with my husband anymore.’ But the Holy One blessed be He says to her: ‘You will return to your desire, you will return to desiring your husband.’ Rabbi Berekhya and Rabbi Simon said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai: Because her30Referring to the woman who has just given birth. heart fluttered, that is why she brings a fluttering offering – two turtledoves or two young pigeons.31Leviticus 12:8.
“And he shall rule over you” – Rabbi Yosei HaGelili said: One might think that this means dominion in every sense. Therefore the verse states: “[When a man has taken a new wife…he shall cheer his wife whom he has taken. He shall not yaḥavol the upper and lower millstones” (Deuteronomy 24:5–6).32Yaḥavol is usually understood here as taking an object for collateral for a loan. The Midrash interprets the word in its more usual sense, to injure, and it interprets the millstones as a metaphor for one’s wife (see Ibn Era on Deuteronomy 24:6). Thus the verse forbids physical aggressiveness against one’s wife.
There was an incident involving a certain woman from the Tevaryanus family who was married to a robber, and her husband mistreated her. The Sages heard, and they went to her house to rebuke him. When she came before the Sages, she took out before them a golden candlestick with an earthenware lamp upon it,33This symbolized the coarse man upon the gentle woman. affirming what is stated: “And your desire shall be for your husband.”34No matter what, she desires him.
Shemot Rabbah
Why [is the word] Tabernacle [mishkan] stated twice? Rabbi Shmuel bar Marta said: It was twice taken as collateral [nitmashken] on their account.7The reference here is to the two Temples in Jerusalem, and the derivation from the Tabernacle is because the Tabernacle was a precursor to the Temple. Both Temples were destroyed due to the sins of the people, instead of the people themselves being destroyed. In that sense, it is comparable to one who collects a debt from the collateral given by the borrower rather than from the borrower himself. That is what the members of the Great Assembly say: “We have done injury to You, and have not observed the commandments, the statutes, and the ordinances” (Nehemiah 1:7). What is “we have done injury [ḥavol ḥavalnu] to You”? That is that it was twice taken as collateral. Ḥavol is nothing other than collateral, as it is stated: “One shall not take as collateral [lo yaḥavol] the lower millstone or the upper millstone” (Deuteronomy 24:6). That is why, in the verse “these are the reckonings of the Tabernacle, the Tabernacle of the Testimony,” it is written twice.
Sifrei Devarim
(Devarim 24:6) "One shall not take as a pledge the nether millstone nor the upper millstone": Whence do we derive (the same for) all things (that process food)? From "for it is a soul (i.e., a life) that he takes as a pledge." If so, why mention (only) nether millstone and upper millstone? Just as these are distinct in being implements performing one task, for each of which in itself one is liable, so, one is liable for all such implements.