Tafsiran yang Mengutip untuk Ayub 2:4

And I said... the earth - its bars are closed on me Heb. בַּעֲדִי, against me, over me it is closed, and I will never go out. closed on me Heb. בַּעֲדִי. cf. (II Kings 4:4) “And you shall close the door about yourself (בַּעֲדֵךְ).” And so is every instance of בְּעַד in Scriptures, e.g. (Job 2:4) “Skin against (בְּעַד) skin,” a limb against a limb.

The third reason is the most clear of all, and it is, that we find in the Midrash (Tanchuma Ki Tisa 11) and the Yalkut brings it in this parasha, saying: Each man shall give a ransom for his soul. When Moses heard this, he became afraid and said, Skin for skin, and all that a man has he will give for his life (Job 2:4). Rabbi Yehuda bar Ilai says: Moses said, “We find that the redemption of a man’s soul is a talent of silver, as it is said (1 Kings 20:39), And your life shall be for his life, or you shall weigh out a talent of silver.” Rabbi Yosi says: “You can learn from the case of one who spreads slander, as it is said (Deuteronomy 22:19), And they shall fine him a hundred pieces of silver. And we spread slander by saying, ‘These are your gods, O Israel.’ Each and every one of us needs to give a hundred pieces of silver.” Reish Lakish said: “You can learn from the case of rape, as it is written (ibid 22:29), And the man who lay with her shall give… etc. And we violated the commandment You shall have no other gods, and committed idolatry. Each one of us needs to give fifty pieces of silver.” Rabbi Yehuda bar Simon said: “You can learn from the case of the goring ox, as it is said (Exodus 21:32), If the ox gores a slave, etc. And we exchanged His glory for an ox, as it is said (Psalms 106:20), They exchanged their glory for the image of an ox that eats grass. Each one of us needs to give thirty shekels.” The Holy One, blessed be He, knew what was in Moses’s heart and said to him: “By your life, it is not a talent of silver, nor a hundred pieces of silver, nor fifty shekels, nor thirty shekels, but this they shall give: half a shekel.” End quote. And apparently, there are many things in this Midrash that are not understood — why would Moses be considering the incident that happened in the days of Israel with the king of Aram? Also, the statement “and we violated the commandment” lacks explanation, and the matter of the goring ox is difficult to understand.

העשיר לא ירבה means that he who donates his half-shekel in this world should not view himself as having made a substantial donation, begrudging it, and thereby reducing its moral value. On the other hand, והדל לא ימעיט means that a person should not use the excuse of his poverty to refrain from making his fair contribution. In both instances the consideration that must be uppermost in the heart of either the wealthy or the poor is לתת תרומת ה׳ לכפר על נפשותיכם, that this relatively insignificant gift to G'd counts as a ransom payment and atones for the capital sin committed during the episode of the golden calf. Considering that we have it on the authority of Satan in Job 2,4 that man willingly sacrifices all his material possessions in order to save his life, the amount G'd demanded is very paltry indeed.

ויסגור ה' בעדו AND THE LORD SHUT HIM IN — He protected him so that they could not smash up the Ark (cf. 5:13): He surrounded the Ark (thus enclosing it סגר) with bears and lions which killed some of them (Genesis Rabbah 32:8). But the literal meaning of the text is: He shut the door in front of him against the waters. Similarly, wherever בעד occurs in the Scriptures it means כנגד in front of. E. g., (20:18) “The lord had made a closure in front of (בעד) every womb”; (2 Kings 4:4) “Close the door in front of thyself (בעדך) and in front of (ובעד) thy sons”; (Job 2:4) ‘‘skin in front of (as a protection for) (בעד) skin”; (Psalms 3:4) “a shield in front of me ובעדי”: (1 Samuel 12:19) “Pray (בעד) thy servants” which means כנגד in front of (i. e. on behalf of, as a protection for) thy servants.