Tafsiran yang Mengutip untuk Ayub 31:12

הולך ערירי I GO CHILDLESS — Menachem ben Seruk explained it (ערירי) as meaning heir, and another example of it is (Malachi 2:12) ער ועונה “son and grandsonערירי — (״ then would mean “without child or heir” being an example of a word that has two opposite meanings, just as you say (Job 31:12) “and it would תשרש all my increase” — meaning it would tear up its roots, and the same word might also mean to take root. So, too, the meaning of ערירי is “without a child” although ער means “a child”. old French désenfanté; English childless. It, however, seems to me that the word ער in ער ועונה is of the same derivation as the same word in (Song 5:2). ולבי ער “and my heart awaketh”, whereas ערירי has the meaning of destroyed (a childless person being “demolished” so far as his memory in future generations is concerned; cf. Rashi on Genesis 16:2). Similarly (Psalms 137:7) ערו ערו “Rase it, rase it”; (Habakkuk 3:13) ערות יסוד “destroying the foundation”, and (Jeremiah 51:58) ערער תתערער “shall be utterly destroyed” and (Zephaniah 2:14) כי ארזה ערה “for the cedar-work thereof shall be destroyed”.

לדשנו means TO REMOVE ITS ASHES in them. That is exactly as Onkelos translated it: למספי קטמה, to remove the ashes into them. For although in its primary sense דַּשֵּׁן would mean to cover with ashes, it has also the meaning of removing the ashes, for there are in the Hebrew language certain expressions with the peculiarity that the same word changes in meaning so as to be used to denote both “construction” and “destruction,” (having a positive and a negative meaning). Examples are: (Psalms 80:10) “and didst cause it to take deep root (ותשרש)”; (Job 5:3) “I have seen the foolish taking root (משריש),” whilst we have its opposite (negative) meaning in, (Job 31:12) “and thou wouldst root out (תשרש) all my increase.” Similar to it is, (Isaiah 17:6) “in the utmost fruitful branches (בסעיפיה),” and its opposite, (Isaiah 10:33) “The Lord of hosts shall מסעף”, i. e. shall lop off the branches thereof. Similar to it is also (Jeremiah 50:17) “And this last person עִצְּמוֹ” — “has broken his bones” although the primary meaning of עצם is to be strongboned. Similar to it is, (1 Kings 21:13) “and stoned him with stones (ויסקלהו)” i. e. heaped up stones above him, and its opposite is, (Isaiah 62:10) “סקלו the stones” — i. e. remove its stones; and so, too, (Isaiah 5:2) “And he fenced it and gathered out the stones thereof (ויסקלהו).” Thus here, also, לדשנו means to remove its ashes. In 0. F. à discendrer.

Three hundred cubits shall be the length of the ark. The text specifies for us the measurements of its length, width, and height for two reasons. First, to inform us of the magnitude of the miracle that a small space contained much, as there were large creatures there such as elephants and re’emim [wild oxen]. Second, to inform us that the primary cause of the flood waters was due to sexual immorality, as it is written The sons of God saw the daughters of man, etc., and as our Sages said (Sanhedrin 108a), “With much they sinned, and with much they were judged.” The reason for this is that through sexual immorality, they desecrated the holiness of God’s name “Yah” [yud-heh] which mediates between man and woman. When the letters yud and heh are removed from them [ish and ishah, man and woman], what remains is “esh” and “esh” [fire and fire], as it is written For it is a fire consuming unto destruction (Job 31:12). This is what our Sages meant when they said (Sanhedrin 108b), “With hot liquid they sinned, and with hot liquid they were judged,” for they themselves ignited the fire. Similarly, we find in this passage the number 15 in several places: it states that the waters rose 15 cubits above [the mountains]. Also, the waters prevailed for 150 days, which is 15 tens. The measurements of the ark’s length, width, and height also indicate the number 15, for 300 cubits in length by 50 cubits in width means that the cubits of surface area were 15,000 square cubits. The height was 30 cubits, and it had three levels, thus 10 cubits for each level, as it had lower, second, and third decks, all equal in size. This results in 150,000 cubic cubits for each level. Thus, the 15,000 cubits in each surface area corresponds to the 15 cubits that the waters rose above the mountains. And the 150,000 cubits in each level corresponds to the 150 days that the waters prevailed, which is 15 tens. All these occurrences of the number 15 indicate that although their final judgment was sealed due to robbery, nevertheless, the primary cause was sexual immorality and the desecration of God’s name “Yah,” which has the numerical value of 15.

her soul was disgusted with them [Heb. וַתֵּקַע.] That Jehoiakim and Zedekiah rebelled against them. וַתֵּקַע is esloched in Old French, dislocated. וַתֵּקַע is like (Gen. 32: 26): “and the upper joint of Jacob’s thigh was dislocated (וַתֵּקַע).” הוֹקָעָה is an expression of joining and inserting a pole into the earth, and also when it is withdrawn from the earth, is the expression קְעִיָה appropriate for it, just as you say (Ps. 80:10): “it took root (וַתַשְׁרֵשׁ),” as an expression of taking root, and (Job 31:12), “and it uproots (תְּשָׁרֵשׁ) all my grain,” as an expression of uprooting. Similarly (Isa. 17:6): “on its branches (בִּסְעִפֶיהָ) when it produces fruit,” is an expression of branches, and (ibid. 10:33), “lops off (מְסָעֵף) the branches,” is an expression of cutting off the branches of the tree and its boughs.