Tafsiran yang Mengutip untuk Daniel 1:1

And some of the vessels of the House of the Lord And some of the vessels of the House of the Lord, and concerning this, Jeremiah prophesied (27:21): “For so said the Lord of Hosts, the God of Israel, concerning the vessels remaining, etc.” Seder Olam questions (Dan. 1:1): “In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim, king of Judah, etc. and the Lord delivered...into his hand.” Here, however, it is apparent that it was in the eleventh year of his reign. Now what is the meaning of “in the third year”? Counting from his rebellion, for it is stated (II Kings 24:1): “and Jehoiakim was his vassal for three years, then he turned and rebelled against him” for three years, and in the third year of his rebellion, he advanced against him, and that is the eighth year of Nebuchadnezzar, for the master taught: In the first year [of his reign] he conquered Nineveh; in the second year he vanquished Jehoiakim, who served him for three years and rebelled against him for three years, and he did not reign until the fourth year of Jehoiakim, for it is stated (Jer. 25:1): “in the fourth year of Jehoiakim, the son of Josiah, king of Judah - that was the first year of Nebuchadnezzar.”

In his second, he conquered Yehoyakim: The verses are expounded in Seder Olam: It is written at the beginning of the book of Daniel (1:1-2), "In the third year of the reign of Yehoyakim [...], Nebuchadnezzar [...] came to Jerusalem [...]. And the Lord delivered King Yehoyakim into his hand." Is it possible to say this? And is it not that he did not reign until the fourth year of Yehoyakim? As it is stated in the book of Jeremiah (45) [that] the thing that happened in the fourth year of Yehoyakim, was the first year of Nebuchadnezzar! Rather what do we learn to say - "In the third year of the reign of Yehoyakim?" It was in the third year of his rebellion. After he conquered him, he served him three years and [then] rebelled against him. As it is stated (II Kings 24:1), "and [Yehoyakim] became his servant for three years, and then he turned and rebelled against him." And it teaches you here that he held up in his rebellion three years. Behold, it is six years from his being conquered; and this time he was given into his hand and he killed him, such that, "He shall have the burial of a donkey" (Jeremiah 22:19) was fulfilled. And Nebuchadnezzar crowned Yehoyachin, his son, in his place and came [back] to Babylonia. His advisers said to him, "The father rebelled against you, and you crowned his son? They say a parable - a good puppy does not come from a bad dog." So he recanted at the end of the year and exiled him; and crowned Tzidkiyahu. (Vayikra Rabbah 19, Metzora) And likewise is it written in the book of Kings at its end. It comes out that the exile of Yehoyachin was in the seventh year of the conquering of Yehoyakim. Yet behold the verse calls it the eighth year! It was the eighth year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar. [As] at the end of the book of Kings we learned that he conquered him in the second year of his reign.

In his second, he conquered Yehoyakim: The verses are expounded in Seder Olam: It is written at the beginning of the book of Daniel (1:1-2), "In the third year of the reign of Yehoyakim [...], Nebuchadnezzar [...] came to Jerusalem [...]. And the Lord delivered King Yehoyakim into his hand." Is it possible to say this? And is it not that he did not reign until the fourth year of Yehoyakim? As it is stated in the book of Jeremiah (45) [that] the thing that happened in the fourth year of Yehoyakim, was the first year of Nebuchadnezzar! Rather what do we learn to say - "In the third year of the reign of Yehoyakim?" It was in the third year of his rebellion. After he conquered him, he served him three years and [then] rebelled against him. As it is stated (II Kings 24:1), "and [Yehoyakim] became his servant for three years, and then he turned and rebelled against him." And it teaches you here that he held up in his rebellion three years. Behold, it is six years from his being conquered; and this time he was given into his hand and he killed him, such that, "He shall have the burial of a donkey" (Jeremiah 22:19) was fulfilled. And Nebuchadnezzar crowned Yehoyachin, his son, in his place and came [back] to Babylonia. His advisers said to him, "The father rebelled against you, and you crowned his son? They say a parable - a good puppy does not come from a bad dog." So he recanted at the end of the year and exiled him; and crowned Tzidkiyahu. (Vayikra Rabbah 19, Metzora) And likewise is it written in the book of Kings at its end. It comes out that the exile of Yehoyachin was in the seventh year of the conquering of Yehoyakim. Yet behold the verse calls it the eighth year! It was the eighth year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar. [As] at the end of the book of Kings we learned that he conquered him in the second year of his reign.

Noah, Daniel, and Job Because each of these three saw three worlds: Noah saw the world built up, destroyed, and rebuilt; and Danielthe Temple. Or himself: first a prince over all the princes, eventually cast into a lions’ den, and [ultimately] restored to his greatness. Likewise, Job saw himself well-established, destroyed, and [again] well-established. Therefore, they were brought as a parallel to the generation of Jeconiah, which saw the Temple while it was built and while it was destroyed, and the [Temple’s] second building. And the Holy One, blessed be He, said the following to them: “I am showing you great affectionyou, Jeconiah and [those of] his exile. Should one of the lands of the nations sin against Me and had I decreed upon it one of these four punishmentseither “famine” (verse 13), “wild beast” (verse 15), “the sword” (verse 17), “or pestilence” (verse 19) as they appear in this chapter, consecutively, and these three righteous men were in its midst, they would save neither son nor daughter. Yet I will bring [all] four of them on [your brethren in] Jerusalem, and [still] leave over for you some of your sons who are there although you are not in its midst. And not because they are worthy of being saved, but to console you when they are exiled [to an area] near you and you will see their evil deeds and be consoled about the evil that I brought upon them. For you will see that it could no longer be tolerated. [The annotator of our ms. remarks:] (This is the theme of this entire chapter. This [following] explanation cannot be made fit, and it appears that it is not the wording of the rabbi [viz. Rashi]. It appears further that this edition [of Rashi in which this comment was found] is missing one of the four punishments, from אוֹ, or, until כִּי or.) Another explanation: If a land sins against Me, etc. and had these three men been in its midst [namely] Noah, Daniel, and Job because the Holy One, blessed be He, saved these three men from these three [four] judgments, Scripture mentioned these. Noah was saved from the three of them. How do we know [that he was saved] from wild beasts? When he entered the ark, all the beasts attempted to enter, but the Holy One, blessed be He, did not allow them, as it is written (Gen. 7:16): “and the Lord shut around him.” Now the word “shut” refers only to protection from beasts, as Scripture states (Dan. 6:23): “and he shut the lions’ mouths, and they did not hurt me.”A lion came to enter [the ark] and its teeth were set on edge; a bear came to enter, and its feet would totter, etc. (see Gen. Rabbah 31:12). How do we know [that he was saved] from famine?For it is said (Gen. 5:29): “from the soil, which the Lord has cursed.” Go out and learn Genesis Rabbah (25:3) where it enumerates the ten famines that descended upon the world, and you will find that one of them was in the time of Noah, and it brings proof from “from the soil, which... [He] cursed.” From the swordthis is the Flood, and moreover, the people of his generation sought to attack him, saying, “We will not allow him to enter,” but the Holy One, blessed be He, saved him: said the Holy One, blessed be He, “I will not allow him to enter except at midday [in broad daylight], and whomever it hurtslet him protest.” That is what is written (Gen. 7:13): “In this very (עֶצֶם) day Noah came [into the ark]” at the strong point (עֱצוּמוֹ) of the day. Danielwhen Nebuchadnezzar entered the Temple in the days of Jehoiakim, he slew Jehoiakim and spared Daniel. He expelled Daniel [into] a peaceful exile because he found him to be full of a spirit of wisdom. From faminefor until Jerusalem was conquered in the days of Zedekiah, Nebuchadnezzar besieged it for three years [during which it suffered a famine], as is said (II Kings 25:3): “the famine became severe in the city,” and also (in Jer. 52:6): “and the famine became severe.” How do we know [that he was saved] from beasts?”and shut the lions’ mouths (Dan. ibid.), and they did not hurt me.” Likewise, you find that Job was saved from the three of them. How do we know [that he was saved] from famine?According to the one who says (Baba Bathra 15b) that Job lived in the time of Jacob, we find that there was a famine in his days. How do we know [that he was protected] from beasts?For it is written (Job 1:10): “and his cattle has broken out into the land.” It has breached the [natural] limitations of the world. [Usually wolves kill goats, but Job’s goats killed wolves; B. B. 15b.] How do we know [that he survived] the sword?(ibid. 16:13) “He splits my kidneys and does not have compassion.”