Tafsiran yang Mengutip untuk Daniel 6:1

In the first year of Darius, the son of Ahasuerus This is not the Ahasuerus of the days of Haman, for he was the king of Persia, whereas this one was Darius the Mede who was crowned over the kingdom of the Chaldeans when Belshazzar was slain, as is written above (6:1): “And Darius the Mede took (sic) the kingdom.”

And in the first year of Cyrus, the king of Persia This book is arranged as a continuation of the Book of Daniel, as is explained in Baba Bathra (15a), and the word [וּבְשְׁנַת] refers back from this [book] to that one, for it is stated in Daniel (9:2): “In the first year of his reign, I, Daniel, contemplated the calculations of the number of the years that the word of the Lord had come to Jeremiah the prophet from the destruction of Jerusalem, seventy years.” And so the entire chapter proceeds to relate [the story] of the destruction of the Temple, the time of the Babylonian exile, and his confession, in which he confessed Israel’s sin. The beginning of this book is as follows: After Belshazzar was assassinated, Darius the Mede reigned, as it says (Dan. 6:1): “And Darius the Mede received the kingdom etc.” and after Darius’ death, this Cyrus, the king of Persia, reigned, and in the first year of his reign, the seventy years for the remembrance of the Babylonian exile, [counting] from the day that Jehoiakim was exiled, were completed, as it says (Jer. 29:10): “At the completion of seventy years of Babylon, I will remember you etc.” When Israel returned from the Babylonian exile to the land of Israel, in that year, in the first year of Cyrus, Israel laid the foundation of the Temple, and the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin slandered them to Cyrus, the king of Persia, and he commanded [them] to curtail the work, no longer to build the edifice of the Temple; and the Israelites were idle, for they did not build the Temple during the entire reign of Cyrus and Ahasuerus, who succeeded him, until the second year of Darius, the son of Ahasuerus, the king of Persia, who was Darius, the son of Esther. And in the second year of his reign, they began building the Temple until the building was completed. And from the first year of Cyrus until the second year of Darius, the son of Ahasuerus the king of Persia, in whose days the Temple was built, were eighteen years, to fulfill what was said (Dan. 9:2): “from the destruction of Jerusalem, seventy years etc.” And now, in the second year of Darius, seventy years had elapsed since the destruction of Jerusalem; [i.e.,] the destruction of the Temple, when Zedekiah was exiled. From the exile of Jehoiakim until the exile of Zedekiah, when the Temple was destroyed, were eighteen years, and now in the first year of Cyrus, the king of Persia, seventy years since the exile of Jehoiakim, when Israel was exiled to Babylon, were completed, and thereby the verse that states (Jer. 29:10): “for at the completion of seventy years of Babylon I will remember you etc.” was fulfilled. And this is the remembrance, that Israel returned to their soil and built the foundation of the building of the Temple, although it was not yet completed. We find that there were fifty-two years from the exile of Zedekiah, when the Temple was destroyed, until the first year of Cyrus, the king of Persia; and eighteen years after the first year of Cyrus, which is the second year of Darius, when Israel commenced to build the edifice, and they completed it. This is proven in Seder Olam (ch. 29), in Tractate Megillah (11b) and in this book, as I explained.

[Daniel 10:21] “No one is helping me against them except your prince, Michael” (וְאֵין אֶחָד מִתְחַזֵּק עִמִּי עַל־אֵלֶּה כִּי אִם־מִיכָאֵל שַׂרְכֶם - v'ein echad mit'chazek immi al-elleh ki im Mikha'el sarkhem): And the meaning is: If he [Michael] helped me now when I fought with the Prince of Persia, I also helped him [in the past] against the Prince of the Chaldeans, at the time when Darius the Mede reigned, as it is written: “And Darius the Mede received the kingdom” [Daniel 6:1]. And this refers to [what the angel says later]: “And I, in the first year of Darius the Mede, stood up to confirm and strengthen Michael” [Daniel 11:1]. And the proof that these are the words of the angel [continuing from the previous chapter and into the next] is that afterwards it is written [starting Daniel 11:2]: “And now, truth...”. One might wonder about [the structure of] the verse [i.e., the apparent interruption]. If an objector argues, "Show me a similar instance where [Scripture] interrupts and then returns, using the word 'lo' [to him], referring back to the preceding section," I would show him: “And the LORD appeared to him (אֵלָיו - eilav) by the terebinths of Mamre...” [Genesis 18:1], [followed by description, then] “And Judah approached him (אֵלָיו - eilav)...” [Genesis 44:18]. And before I speak about the matter of Persia, I will speak about the matter of the angels, for there is no envy among them. And it is written: “He makes peace in His high places” [Job 25:2]. Behold, these are deep secrets (sodot amukkot) that only one in a thousand will understand. And I speak concerning the secret of generations/origins (ha-toladot), the nature of the human soul which is not corporeal, the wisdom of the celestial spheres and their motion, along with the matters of the ministers [planets] and the constellations (mazzalot). And now I will give you hints (remizot), for “it is the glory of God to conceal a matter” [Proverbs 25:2]. And you, apply your heart to understanding, and may God grant you wisdom.

the evening of my desire The night that I longed for, for rejoicing and for a banquet. In the Book of Josipon we find that he was happy since his troops had defeated the army of Persia. (Book 1, ch. 5) That night He made for me into trembling, as it is said (Dan. 5:1): “King Belshazzar made a great feast...They drank wine...(verse 4). On that very night, King Belshazzar was slain...(verse 30).” (6:1) “And Darius the Mede received the kingdom.”

And five of Darius the Mede and Cyrus the Persian: As it is written (Daniel 6:1), "And Darius the Mede received the kingdom." And after him, Cyrus the First reigned. For he gave permission to the exiles to ascend [back to Israel], as it is stated (Ezra 1:2), "Thus said Cyrus, etc." And it would come up in your mind now that, between the two of them, they had reigned for five years - even though it is not written in Scripture.

Behold I stir up Media against them Darius the Mede assassinated Belshazzar. So Scripture states (Dan. 5:30): “On that very night, Belshazzar...was slain”; (ibid. 6:1) “And Darius the Mede acquired the kingdom.”

a perpetual sleep Heb. שנתעולם, a perpetual sleep, and so it happened to them; out of their wine feast and drunkenness they were destroyed and slain, and the city was captured, as it is written in Daniel (5:2): “Belshazzar said while he tasted the wine, etc.”; (5:4), “They drank wine, etc.”; (5: 30), “On that night, Belshazzar, the king of the Chaldeans, was slain”; (6:1), “And Darius the Mede received the kingship.”