Tafsiran yang Mengutip untuk Kejadian 14:7

and with them, some of the Ammonites This is Amalek. Why were they called Ammonites? Because they changed their dress and their language to resemble that of the Ammonites and mingled with them, and came to wage war against Israel. This can be proven below in the chapter (verse 22): “And at the time they commenced, etc. the Lord placed liers-in-wait against the children of Ammon, Moab, and Mount Seir.” We find that the Ammonites mentioned here are Amalekites who changed their tongue and their dress. This is what the Kallir set down in the section of Zachor: Remember the tyrant who hid among the Ammonites; he breached the vineyards of Ein-Gedi when he was brought, i.e., remember what Amalekite the tyrant did - he hid among the Ammonites and came to breach the vineyards of Israel at that time, as it is written: “and behold they are in Hazazon-Tamar which is Ein-Gedi,” and Ein-Gedi is close to the territory of Amalek, as is stated in (Gen. 14:7): “and they struck down the whole field of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites who dwell in Hazazon- Tamar.”

ודברתם אל הסלע לעיניהם, “You will speak to the rock in their presence, etc.” the rock called סלע in our verse here is identical with the one called צור at Mount Chorev. It is also identical with the well of Miriam. This is the opinion of our sages in Taanit 9. We find that this rock appears under four different names סלע, באר עין משפט, צור,. In Genesis 14,7 it is called עין משפט, (the well of judgment) seeing the Torah reports the four kings as returning from a battle to a place known (to the reader) as עין משפט, identical with Kadesh. The former name derived from the fact that Moses was judged there. It was also called צור, seeing that in Exodus 17,6 G’d had told Moses that when he would stand at that rock at Chorev he should strike it with his staff and it would produce water. The name צור, a name for G’d, [instead of סלע, Ed.] was given to this rock as it was a site at which G’d revealed Himself. Seeing that here at Kadesh G’d did not reveal Himself, it is referred to merely as סלע, seeing that G’d instructed Moses and Aaron: “you shall speak to the סלע.” It is also referred to simply as באר, seeing the Torah says (Numbers 21,16) “it is the same באר where G’d had said to Moses: ‘assemble the people so that I can give them water.’” [If, at that point the rock had already been a well as suggested by the word באר, G’d’s instructions would not have made sense. The point was to convert the rock into a well. Ed.].
Seeing that at the death of Miriam this well had ceased providing water, G’d wanted it to resume to function as a well by means of the merit of Moses. The fact that this rock is referred to as הסלע instead of merely as סלע, shows that it had previously functioned as a well.

המה מי מריבה, “They are the waters of strife, etc.” According to Tanchuma Chukat 11 this is proof that the location Kadesh was instrumental in G’d associating Moses’ punishment with water. We read in Genesis 14,7: “they turned around and came to the well of judgment which is Kadesh.” It was called thus as it had been predestined to serve as a place to sanctify the Lord’s name.