Tafsiran yang Mengutip untuk Keluaran 31:16

היודע עיקר שבת – that is Shabbat in the Torah and creative work was forbidden on it, but he did many forms of creative work on many Sabbaths via the inadvertent error on Shabbat for he does not know that Shabbat is today, he is liable for each and every Shabbat one sin, and on this, it is stated (Exodus 31:16): “The Israelite people shall keep the Sabbath” that implies that observance of each and every Shabbat, that is to say that he is liable for a sin-offering on each and every Sabbath and even though that it was not known to him in the meantime and it is one act of forgetfulness, we say that the days that are in-between that is a knowledge that is impossible that he hadn’t heard [about Shabbat] in the meanwhile that this day was Shabbat but he was not reminded of the creative works that he did on it. Therefore, each and every Shabbat is one error.

Rabbi Elazar bar Prata provides us with another dimension of this wording לעשות אותם in the Mechilta on Ki Tissa. He queries: "Whence do we know that everyone who observes the Sabbath is accounted as if he had created the Sabbath? He quotes the line in Exodus 31,16 where Moses also spoke of לעשות את השבת, "to make the Sabbath." According to Rabbi Elazar, observing the Sabbath is equivalent to creating it. Moses repeats the same thought in our verse when he speaks of לעשות אותם, "to make them." In my commentary on Parshat Ki Tissa I have offered a variety of explanations as to the meaning of the words לעשות את השבת. The explanation I am about to offer now belongs here rather than in chapter 31, as it relates to the meaning of the words אלה הדברים אשר צוה ה׳ לעשות אותם, "these are the things which you are to make;" by doing these things you make the Sabbath."

The verse wishes to teach us yet another lesson. Although you might have thought that inasmuch as the Sabbath laws consist primarily of prohibitions and one cannot expect reward for what one has not done, the Torah corrects such an impression by telling us "these are the things (abstention from work) which G'd commanded and for which you will receive a reward." I have explained the reason for this in my commentary on Exodus 31,16. The word אלה is meant to alert us that this שמירה is different from other instances in which the Torah demands שמירה.