Tafsiran yang Mengutip untuk Mazmur 119:46

A person prone to being ashamed cannot learn: The trait of shame is good in every matter except for study, as the matter is stated (Psalms 119:46), "I will speak of Your testimonies, and not be ashamed in the presence of kings." As when David, peace be upon him, was running away from Shaul and he stood in front of kings of the nations of the world, he was not ashamed of speaking words of Torah and of the commandments - even if they mocked him and ridiculed his words. As shame is not good in study. And also the student should not say, "How can someone as foolish as I ask something of a great Torah sage, who is [so] sharp in wisdom, [whereas] I have neither intelligence nor understanding." If this will be his doctrine all of the day, from where will wisdom come to him? And this is what the sages [masters] of wisdom, may their memory be blessed, said in the book, Choice Pearls, "Ask the question of fools, and guard the guardings of the generous." This means to say, just like the generous do not squander their money and do not hoard it, but give it readily and willingly to the places that are fitting - as we have explained above; so [too] with wisdom, speak about it with fit people at fit times, but not with every person and [not] at a time when he knows that his words will not be heard. It comes out that you say that it is for them to ask every question and not to be ashamed, so that he will learn the things.

V. 7. שנן .ושננתם לבניך kommt sonst nicht als: lehren vor. Wir glauben jedoch, daß וכליותי אשתונן (Ps. 73, 21) auch heißen dürfte: wenn mein Herz in Gärung gerät und ich mich dann durch meine Nieren belehren lasse. Sonst heißt שנן: schärfen. אם שנתי ברק חרבי (Dewarim 32, 41), חציו שנונים (Jes. 5, 28). Daher שן: Zahn. Es kommt aber schon als Charakteristik der Schärfe eines Wortes oder einer Rede vor. שננו כחרב לשונם (Ps.64, 4; ebenso 140, 4) und ein eindringliches Beispiel heißt: למשל לשנינה שנינה (Dewarim 28, 37 u. s) שנן ל־ heißt daher: etwas in kurzen, eindringlichen und sich leicht einprägenden Sätzen lehren. – דבר ב־ ,ודברת בם heißt nicht: etwas aussprechen, vielmehr bezeichnet ב־ bei דבר entweder die Person, an welche oder durch welche ein Wort gesprochen wird: אך במשה דבר ה׳ הלא גם בנו דבר (Bamidbar 12, 2) und sonst bei Propheten sehr häufig, oder den Gegenstand, auf welchen sich die Rede bezieht, von dem gesprochen wird: תשב באחיך תדבר (Ps. 50, 20) וידות יהונתן בדוד טוב (Sam. I. 19, 4), וישלח דוד וידבר באביגיל (daselbst 25, 39), נכבדות מדובר בך (Ps. 87, 3), ביום שידבר בה (Hohel. 8, 8), ואדברה בעדתיך (Ps. 119, 46). ודברת בם heißt daher nicht: und sprich sie aus, sondern: sprich über sie, erkläre sie, erläutere sie, und fassen wir beide Aufgaben zusammen: ושננתם ודברת בם, so ist für den Unterricht im Gesetze die Vorschrift gegeben: das Gesetz zuerst in kurzen, konzis gefassten Sätzen einzuprägen, und sie dann besprechend einzuprägen: תשב׳׳כ und תשב׳׳פ, und ebenso משנה und גמרא.

ואל ישעו בדברי שקר AND LET THEM NOT REGARD VAIN WORDS — let them not think and speak always about “words of wind” saying, “Let us go and sacrifice”. Of similar meaning is, (Psalm 119:117) “And I will speak of (ואשעה ב־) thy statutes continually”. The phrase (Deuteronomy 28:37) למשל ולשנינה “[thou shalt become] a proverb and a byword” we translate in the Targum by “a topic of conversation (שועי)”, and the word ויספר (Genesis 24:66) “and he related” by ואשתעי “and he spoke about”. One cannot possibly say that the word ישעו has the same meaning as the verbs in (Genesis 4:4) “And the Lord turned (וישע) to Abel” and in (Genesis 4:4) “but to Cain and his offering he did not turn (שעה)”, and that we must translate אל ישעו by “Let them not turn”, for if this were so Scripture should have written אל דברי שקר or לדברי שקר (instead of בדברי) for so is the construction in all such cases. Examples are: (Isaiah 17:7) “A man shall turn to (ישעה אל) his Maker”; (Isaiah 17:8) “and he shall not turn to (ישעה על) the altars”; (Isaiah 31:1) “they turn not unto (שעו על) the Holy One of Israel”. I do not find the construction of a ב following these verbs in the sense of “turning to”, but after an expression of דבר “speaking” — as when one intently directs his conversation upon a matter — the construction with כ is quite an appropriate one. For instance: (Ezekiel 33:30) “those who intently direct their conversation (הנדברים) upon thee (בך)”; (Numbers 12:1) “And Miriam and Aaron directed their speech (ותדבר) upon Moses (במשה)”; (Zechariah 4:1) “And the angel who directed his conversaion (הדובר) upon me (בי)”; (Deuteronomy 11:9) “To turn your conversation (לדבר) intently upon them (בם)”; (Psalm 119:46) “And I will direct my speech (אדברה) upon thy testimonies (בעדותיך)”. So, too, here: ואל ישעו בדברי שקר means “let them not always be conversing about vain and idle matters”.