Tafsiran yang Mengutip untuk Yesaya 1:21

"How does the city sit solitary?" To understand the word "Eichah" (how), we first need to examine what is stated in the Midrash: three people said "Eichah"—Moses, Isaiah, and Jeremiah. Moses said, "How can I bear alone" (Deuteronomy 1:12). Isaiah said, "How has the faithful city become a harlot" (Isaiah 1:21). Jeremiah said, "How does the city sit solitary" (Lamentations 1:1).
To understand this, it seems that it is already known that when Israel is not in a state of complete perfection, the Divine Name of God is not whole. When there is no justice in Israel, the Name of God is incomplete, and the letters Vav (ו) and Heh (ה) are missing, leaving only Yod (י) and Heh (ה). This is what David said: "The tribes of Yah are a testimony to Israel" (Psalms 122:4-5), and "there the thrones of judgment were set" (Psalms 122:5). Similarly, if sexual immorality, God forbid, increases in Israel, the Divine Name of God is not complete. Likewise, during the exile, the Divine Name is not whole, as it is written: "For the hand is upon the throne of Yah" (Exodus 17:16), and our Sages said, "From the day the Temple was destroyed, the world suffices with only two letters [Yod-Heh].
It is known that the word "Ach" (but) implies diminution, as the words "Ach" and "Rak" always indicate limitation. Therefore, Moses, who judged all of Israel by himself and found it difficult, said, "How can I bear alone" (Eichah: Ach Yah), meaning the Name of God is incomplete, leaving only Yod-Heh. Similarly, Isaiah, who saw the increase of immorality in Israel, as it is written: "Moreover the Lord said, because the daughters of Zion are haughty" (Isaiah 3:16), said, "How has the faithful city become a harlot" (Eichah: Ach Yah). And Jeremiah saw the noble lady (Jerusalem) in her degradation during the bitter exile, and since the world was content with just two letters, he said, "How does the city sit solitary" (Eichah: Ach Yah).
Similarly, when Adam sinned and ate from the Tree of Knowledge, the Divine Name was diminished, and therefore the Holy One, Blessed be He, said to him, "Where are you?" (Eichah: Ach Yah). It is known that the Torah is a "medicine of life" for those who uphold it, and it is pleasant. But for those who transgress it, it becomes a "poison of death," which causes "woe after woe." Therefore, at the giving of the Torah, God appeared with the Name spelled with a Mem and a Gimel, as it is said, "I am" (Anochi) with a pleasant utterance. However, during the exile, the Name was changed to one spelled with a Nun and a Heh, and it is said "How" (Eichah) instead of "I am" (Anochi), as the letter Heh implies "woe after woe." This is the meaning of the word "Eichah." Understand this well."

The first prophecy extends from the beginning of the book until “The matter that [Isaiah the son of Amoz] saw” (Isaiah 2:1), and it contains five sections. The first section is “the vision of Isaiah” (Isaiah 1:1). The second section is “hear the word of the Hashem” (Isaiah 1:10) The third section is “Come now, and let us reason together”(Isaiah 1:18). The fourth section is “How has the faithful city become a harlot!”(Isaiah 1:21). The fifth section is “Therefore says the Master”(Isaiah 1:24). I have seen fit to start with this prophecy because of the six questions that it raises:

גומרים בו ביום בין לזכות בין לחובה – As Scripture states (Isaiah 1:21): “[Alas, she has become a harlot, the faithful city] that was filled with justice, where righteousness dwelt – [but now murderers].”