נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תֶחֱטָ֔א וּמָעֲלָ֥ה מַ֖עַל בַּיהוָ֑ה וְכִחֵ֨שׁ בַּעֲמִית֜וֹ בְּפִקָּד֗וֹן אֽוֹ־בִתְשׂ֤וּמֶת יָד֙ א֣וֹ בְגָזֵ֔ל א֖וֹ עָשַׁ֥ק אֶת־עֲמִיתֽוֹ׃
Apabila seseorang berdosa dan melakukan pelanggaran terhadap Yang Mahakekal, yaitu dengan berdusta kepada sesamanya mengenai barang titipan, atau harta yang diserahkan ke tangannya, atau barang yang dirampasnya, atau ia memeras sesamanya,
Tosefta Shevuot
Channanya ben Chakhinai said, "And denies against his neighbor (Leviticus 5:21): A person does not deny his neighbor until he denies an Essential Principle." Once Rabbi Reuven was in Tiberius on Shabbat. He was found [there] by a philosopher. He said to him, "Who is the most hated one in the world?" He said to him, "One who denies the One who created him. Who is that one? [The one that God] said to him, Honor your father and your mother[...] Do not commit murder. Do not commit adultery. Do not steal. Do not testify[...] Do not covet (Exodus 20:12-14). A person does not deny his neighbor until he denies a Major Principle, and a person does not go to a matter of sin unless he has denied the One who commanded him about it." The voice of an alah (Leviticus 5:1): Rabbi Yehudah says, "An alah is a curse. The voice [is an] oath." Rabbi Shimon says, "An alah is an oath. These are [oaths] with appellations [of God]: I am the One who binds you, I am the One who shackles you, by the Righteous, by the Pure, by the Just. [If one makes an oath with these,] he is liable." And he were a witness (Leviticus 5:1): And he were a witness, and not a witness who [only] heard from a witness, and not from a heavenly voice, and not from an echo. And he were a witness, Scripture is speaking about [a case of] two witnesses; or is it only one witness? Hence we learn to say, One witness may not arise against a man (Deuteronomy 19:15). Hence we should not learn to say one [witness]. Rather, every place where Scripture took the expression, witness, by itself, behold it includes two unless Scripture specifies one to you.