Bibbia Ebraica
Bibbia Ebraica

Chasidut su Esodo 14:10

וּפַרְעֹ֖ה הִקְרִ֑יב וַיִּשְׂאוּ֩ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל אֶת־עֵינֵיהֶ֜ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה מִצְרַ֣יִם ׀ נֹסֵ֣עַ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם וַיִּֽירְאוּ֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃

E tosto che Faraone fu vicino, i figli d’Israel, alzati gli occhi e veduti gli Egizi marcianti dietro di loro, temettero oltremodo, e sclamarono al Signore.

Kedushat Levi

Numbers 21,17. “then Israel sang this song: ‘come up, ‎well sing to it- the well which chieftains dug which the ‎nobles of the people started, etc;’” We need to understand ‎why the song that the people under the leadership of Moses sang ‎after the drowning of the Egyptians in the sea, were words that ‎we could easily understand, whereas this song is shrouded in ‎mystical allusions none of which are easy to decipher.‎
The answer to this question may lie in the fact that at the sea ‎of Reeds, Moses had seen revelations by G’d in what is known as ‎אספקלריא המאירה‎, “a clear vision” (compare Yevamot 49) so ‎that he could announce his prophecies without having to resort ‎to allusions.‎
The song we read here was not composed by Moses, but the ‎Torah wrote: “then Israel sung, etc.” In other words, the people ‎had been divinely inspired, but being only people, not Moses, ‎they had seen prophetic insights only through the prism of ‎אספקלריא שאיננה מאירה‎, a vision which was distorted through ‎reflections. Rashi on 21,20 already asks the question why ‎the name of Moses is not mentioned in this paragraph. He ‎answers that the reason is that on account of this well, or rather ‎its having failed after Miriam’s death having caused him to be ‎punished, it would not have been fitting to associate his name ‎when singing the praises of this well.‎
Let us now proceed to explain the allusions contained in this ‎poetic song extolling the well.‎
Sometimes G’d will perform a miracle for the Israelites in ‎response to their cry to Him for help, and this is the manner in ‎which He responds to their outcry. The splitting of the sea of ‎Reeds at the time was an example of G’d’s responding by means of ‎an impressive miracle. We have read in Exodus 14,10: ‎ויצעקו בני ‏ישראל וגו'‏‎, “the Israelites cried out, etc,” The splitting of the sea ‎was G’d’s response to that outcry.‎
On other occasions G’d performs a miracle for the people ‎without their being in need, i.e. according to their perception. ‎The people had not even been aware at that time that deadly ‎danger was near them. When wondering why G’d had performed a ‎miracle for them, they investigated what danger could have ‎lurked near them without their having been aware of it. This was ‎the case in the paragraph above where the people only belatedly ‎became aware of the Canaanites that G’d had killed.‎
We are entitled to ask what prompted G’d to reveal these ‎details in the Torah which Rashi describes as the Canaanites ‎having been hidden in clefts of rock overhanging the Arnon river ‎that were invisible to people passing underneath along its banks. ‎In the kedushah formula according to the Sefardi ‎nussach which begins with the word: ‎כתר‎, we encounter the ‎line ‎הן גאלתי אתכם אחרית כראשית‎, “see I will redeem you in the ‎future just as I have redeemed you in the past.” At first glance ‎this does not seem much of a promise; we had surely hoped that ‎the ultimate redemption will be something far superior to the ‎partial redemptions we have experienced from time to time! In ‎light of that why would the author of this line link the final ‎redemption to previous redemptions? Who has ever heard of the ‎major event being linked to the minor event?‎
Did not our sages (Tannah de bey Eliyahu 14) state that ‎the meaning of the opening word of the Torah, ‎בראשית‎ is ‎בשביל ‏ראשית‎, “on account of the people of Israel who are called ‎ראשית‎, ‎the Lord created heaven and earth?” If all parts of the universe ‎were created on account of the Jewish people, this surely means ‎that there is a constant injection of additional essence of life into ‎the earth itself, on account of the pre-eminence of the Jewish ‎people? It would follow that the earth is therefore obligated to ‎conform to the expressed will of the Jewish people, since its very ‎existence hinges on the well being of the Jewish people. Keeping ‎the universe in a condition that ensures its continued existence, ‎i.e. ‎תקון העולם‎ is the earth’s self interest.‎
It is true that only after the final stage of the universe’s ‎creation had been revealed, i.e. the earth and its inhabitants, had ‎it become clear what had been in the mind of the Creator from ‎the moment He had contemplated creating a universe. At that ‎time all could see that the intervening stages of creation had all ‎been leading up to the creation of the Jewish people as the ‎crowning achievement. This is what the author of the line we ‎quoted from the kedushah had in mind when he wrote: ‎אתכם אחרית כראשית‎, “you in the end as at the beginning.” Only ‎after the final redemption will G’d’s plan for the Jewish people ‎become revealed as having been His plan from the earliest ‎moment of the creative process. ‎
As long as Jewish history on this earth has not yet come to its ‎successful conclusion (history in the sense of development) G’d’s ‎original intentions could not have become manifest to one and ‎all. During the period leading up to this point in Jewish history ‎miracles have to be performed at the request of the Jewish ‎people. Once that period has passed successfully, miracles will be ‎performed by nature on behalf of the Jewish people without their ‎having to ask for them. The day (not literally) prior to the ‎revelation at Mount Sinai, when the design of G’d that the Jewish ‎people are the objective of His creation of the universe had ‎become manifest, this had not yet been common knowledge. This ‎is why we read in Exodus 14,10 when Pharaoh had caught up ‎with the Israelites, that ‎ויצעקו בני ישראל‎, “the Children of Israel ‎cried out,” i.e. asked to be saved by means of a miracle. Now at ‎the time of or after the giving of the Torah when G’d’s original ‎plan that His people would be the Jewish people had become well ‎known, there was no need for them to cry out even if the enemy ‎had lain in ambush. At this time and subsequently, the earth, for ‎reasons of self preservation, would not allow fatal harm to befall ‎Israel as it would suffer the consequences itself. Calling on the ‎source of water to arise, i.e. to become manifest, was therefore a ‎command directed at the earth rather than to G’d.
The Israelites reminded the earth of its self-interest in ‎providing the Jewish people with a source of water for their needs ‎in the desert. This is what Rashi had in mind when he ‎commented on the words ‎ענו לה‎, (verse 14-15) that the mountain ‎addressed was part of Eretz Yisrael. The song was in ‎recognition of what the earth had done, (performed miracles) on ‎behalf of the Jewish people without having been asked to do so.‎
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Versetto precedenteCapitolo completoVersetto successivo