Bibbia Ebraica
Bibbia Ebraica

Chasidut su Genesi 28:21

וְשַׁבְתִּ֥י בְשָׁל֖וֹם אֶל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑י וְהָיָ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה לִ֖י לֵאלֹהִֽים׃

E tornerò incolume alla mia casa paterna, ed il Signore sarà il mio Dio (tutelare):

Kedushat Levi

Leviticus 19,32. “you shall rise before the aged and ‎show deference to the old, you shall fear your G’d.” ‎Seeing that we have pointed out that the principal element in ‎what is called “fear of the Lord,” is the awe with which we should ‎relate to His sublimity and awesomeness, ‎רוממות‎, a title which ‎stems from the fact that He is the Originator of all the ‎phenomena that we can perceive with our senses as well as the ‎ones we cannot perceive, He deserves our utmost respect. When a ‎human being has attained that level of insight he is called ‎בן אהוב ‏למקום‎, “a beloved son of G’d.” When a mortal father has a son ‎whom he loves beyond all else in life, that son will be most careful ‎not to cause his father any grief whatsoever. Conversely, this son ‎will go out of his way to cause his father only pleasure and ‎satisfaction. Paraphrasing this example, our sages in the ‎‎Zohar III,7 state that Israel provides parnassah, ‎sustenance, for the Almighty. This sustenance consists of their ‎studying Torah, serving Him with prayers and by performing ‎charitable deeds for their peers, as well as keeping the other ‎commandments of the Torah. If they were, G’d forbid, to fail to do ‎all this, our sages in Chagigah 15 lament, “what would ‎become of the Shechinah”?‎
The wording in the Talmud describing the Shechinah’s ‎reaction to Israel’s failing to serve the Lord and to observe His ‎commandments, is ‎קלני מראשי‎, “I feel that my head is confused, ‎wobbly.” In other words, our misconduct causes G’d the ‎equivalent of physical pain and confusion.‎
A tzaddik will worry all his life that he should not cause ‎his father in heaven any grief or pain. He constantly endeavours ‎to only be the cause of his Father in heaven feeling well and ‎satisfied with His creatures.‎
The condition known as ‎יראת שמים‎, when applied to the ‎‎tzaddik, is his fear of the attribute of Mercy, i.e. that G’d ‎would have to apply that attribute when judging him in order ‎that he would not come to harm. [When Yaakov awoke ‎from his dream of the ladder he vowed that if he would return to ‎his father’s home safely, he would tithe all his acquisitions ‎henceforth, and that he was henceforth ready to be judged by the ‎attribute of Justice instead of having to hope for the attribute of ‎Mercy dealing with his shortcomings. (Compare Genesis 28,21). ‎Ed.] Ordinary people generally are afraid of the attribute ‎of Justice dealing with their transgressions.‎
‎ The tzaddik’s philosophy is not limited to his personal ‎relationship with G’d, but he hopes that his meticulously ‎observing G’d’s commandments without his looking for reward, ‎will encourage G’d to increase the flow of His largesse to the ‎Jewish people and that as a result these will benefit in all spheres ‎of life from that largesse. He is aware that nothing pleases the ‎Lord as much as having an excuse to direct an ever increasing ‎flow of this largesse to His people. The termsזקן ‏‎ as well as ‎שיבה‎, ‎are synonyms for the attribute of mercy as we know from ‎‎Pessikta Rabbah 21 where G’d is perceived as having ‎appeared to the Jewish people at the revelation in the guise of a ‎bearded old man, one who is full of compassion. Keeping this in ‎mind, we can understand the commandment to treat the aged ‎and old with deference and respect as an exhortation to relate to ‎G’d with such feelings. The words: ‎והדרת פני זקן‎, may therefore be ‎understood as a command not to cause the Shechinah to call ‎out in pain ‎קלני מראשי‎, “my head is in turmoil.” Instead, we ‎should ensure that the verse speaking of הוד והדר לפניו עוז וחדוה ‏במקדשו‎, that “glory and majesty are before Him and strength and ‎splendour in His Temple.” (Compare psalms 96,6)‎
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Kedushat Levi

Genesis 28,21. “then Hashem (the attribute of Mercy) ‎will be my G’d,;” (may deal with me on the basis of the ‎attribute of Justice). Many commentators already have dealt ‎with this phrase and the difficulties it presents when one reads it ‎superficially. Firstly, why would Yaakov feel the need to make a ‎vow when G’d had already promised him all that he is asking. We ‎trust we are correct in answering that Yaakov here asked for a ‎detail that G’d had not included in the promise He had made to ‎him. We have mentioned already that at the beginning of a ‎‎“career” as a servant of G’d, everyone needs an assist from G’d. ‎Yaakov therefore asked for this initial assistance, so that ‎eventually he would be able to stand on his own two feet not only ‎economically but also spiritually. When he spoke about G’d being ‎with him, he meant “immediately,” not only at some time in the ‎future. He also wished for G’d’s continued assistance even after ‎he would have returned safely to his homeland and the house of ‎his father. G’d’s initial promise had been limited to the time when ‎Yaakov would return to Eretz Yisrael.‎
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Kedushat Levi

A third nuance gleaned from the words: ‎החודש הזה לכם ‏ראש חדשים, ראשון הוא לכם‎; it is generally agreed that at the ‎time of the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt, G’d ‎employed His attribute of ‎גבורה‎, “might,” against the ‎Egyptians while at the same time employing His ‎attribute of ‎חסד‎, “loving kindness, “ toward the ‎Israelites. This is based on ‎כל בכוריהם הרגת ובכורך גאלת‎, ‎‎“While You killed all their firstborn You redeemed Your ‎firstborn.” (quote from the prayer ‎עזרת אבותינו‎, recited ‎every morning after the kriyat sh’ma. (The ‎phenomenon described here is known to Kabbalists ‎asגבורה שבחסד ‏‎, “might as a byproduct of kindness.”) The ‎catalyst that triggered G’d to display His might was the ‎loving kindness He felt impelled to show His people. ‎We find that G’d employed two opposing attributes at ‎one and the same time. To the question which of the ‎two attributes G’d gives preference to, the answer is ‎surely: “to the loving kindness,” as we have it on the ‎authority of Micah 7,18 ‎כי חפץ חסד הוא‎, “for He desires ‎loving kindness.” The expression ‎חפץ חסד הוא‎, implies ‎that even when G’d is compelled to display the ‎attribute of Justice, another aspect of the term ‎גבורה‎, He ‎does so only because otherwise His attribute of loving ‎kindness, ‎חסד‎ could not prevail under the existing ‎conditions. By applying the attribute of Justice to the ‎enemies of His people, He can show His people that ‎He deals with them by means of the attribute of loving ‎kindness, ‎חסד‎. When the Torah speaks in our verse of ‎ראשון הוא לכם‎, “it is first for you,” G’d informs the Jewish ‎people that as far as they are concerned the “new” ‎element in G’d’s relationship with different parts of ‎mankind is that seeing that they are from now on His ‎people, He will deal with them first and foremost on ‎the basis of the attribute of loving kindness. [The ‎patriarchs did not require this “concession;” in fact ‎Yaakov had volunteered after the dream with the ‎ladder to be henceforth dealt with on the basis of the ‎attribute of justice, and this is why he said “‎והיה ה' לי ‏לאלוקים‎, “and Hashem will henceforth be my ‎‎elokim, Judge.‎‏"‏‎ ‎‏)‏Genesis 28,21)]‎
G’d applying the attribute of ‎חסד‎ to the Jewish ‎people in the first instance is reflected in the first verse ‎of the Decalogue, where he introduces Himself with the ‎words: ‎אנכי השם אלוקיך‎, He is the attribute of Justice only ‎subsequent to being the attribute of Mercy, kindness.‎
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