Commento su Deuteronomio 14:29
וּבָ֣א הַלֵּוִ֡י כִּ֣י אֵֽין־לוֹ֩ חֵ֨לֶק וְנַחֲלָ֜ה עִמָּ֗ךְ וְ֠הַגֵּר וְהַיָּת֤וֹם וְהָֽאַלְמָנָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ וְאָכְל֖וּ וְשָׂבֵ֑עוּ לְמַ֤עַן יְבָרֶכְךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכָל־מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֶֽׂה׃ (ס)
E il levita, poiché non ha parte né eredità con te, e lo straniero, l'orfano e la vedova che sono dentro le tue porte, verranno e mangeranno e saranno soddisfatti; affinché l'Eterno, il tuo DIO, ti benedica in tutta l'opera della tua mano che fai.
Rashi on Deuteronomy
ובא הלוי AND THE LEVITE SHALL COME and take the “First Tithe” which you have failed to give him,
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Siftei Chakhamim
And take the first tithe. This verse is abridged. For without adding, “...and take the first tithe,” it seems that the Levite, proselyte, orphan, and widow are treated equally; that you are to give them [enough] food to eat their fill.
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Rav Hirsch on Torah
V. 29. ובא הלוי entweder als voraussetzlich mittellos auch zum מעשר עני berechtigt, oder es wird hier zugleich das ja jedes Jahr für den לוי auszuscheidende מעשר ראשון mit eingeschlossen.
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Rashi on Deuteronomy
והגר והיתום AND THE STRANGER AND THE FATHERLESS [SHALL COME] and take the “Second Tithe”, which belongs to the poor in that year, and you shall not eat it yourself in Jerusalem, as you were bound to eat the “Second Tithe” of the first two years,
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Siftei Chakhamim
You must bring to Jerusalem, etc. I.e., you must bring the second tithes of the first and second year in order to eat it in Jerusalem, and confess, “I have divested my home of the sacred produce.” In the first and second years of the Sabbatical cycle, the first and second tithes are separated each year. Likewise, in the fourth and fifth years [of the Sabbatical cycle]. In the third and sixth years the first tithes and tithes to the poor are separated. The tithes to the poor and the first tithes may be eaten anywhere, but the second tithes must be eaten in Jerusalem (as explained elsewhere).
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Rav Hirsch on Torah
An das wiederholt als Motiv der Zehntberechtigung der Leviten beigefügte: כי אין לו חלק ונחלה עמך knüpft sich die Halacha, dass הפקר, alle herrenlose Früchte und daher auch פטורין מן המעשרות ,לקט שכחה ופאה, nicht der Zehntpflicht unterliegen, nur ממה שיש לך ואין לו חייב אתה ליתן לו יצא הפקר שידך וידו שוין בו nur von Früchten, hinsichtlich derer du der Berechtigte, er aber der Nichtberechtigte ist, liegt dir die Zehntpflicht ob, nicht aber von solchen Früchten, die herrenlos wachsen und ihm wie dir zustehen (Jeruschalmi מעשרות I ,1).
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Rashi on Deuteronomy
ואכלו ושבעו AND THEY SHALL EAT AND BE SATISFIED — Give them sufficient to satisfy them. From here they (the Rabbis) derived the law: one must give the poor in the barn no less than half a kab of wheat or a kab of barley (Sifrei Devarim 110:3). As for you, go up to Jerusalem with the tithe (i.e. מעשר שני) of the first and the second years which thou hast delayed, and make the confession there: “I have removed the hallowed things from the house” — as it is stated in the section beginning with the words כי תכלה לעשר (Deuteronomy 26:12).
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