Commento su Genesi 47:24
וְהָיָה֙ בַּתְּבוּאֹ֔ת וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם חֲמִישִׁ֖ית לְפַרְעֹ֑ה וְאַרְבַּ֣ע הַיָּדֹ֡ת יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶם֩ לְזֶ֨רַע הַשָּׂדֶ֧ה וּֽלְאָכְלְכֶ֛ם וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּבָתֵּיכֶ֖ם וְלֶאֱכֹ֥ל לְטַפְּכֶֽם׃
Ad ogni ricolto darete la quinta parte a Faraone; e le altre quattro parti saranno vostre, per la seminagione della campagna, pel vostro mantenimento, per quelli che avete in casa, e pel mantenimento della vostra figliuolanza.
Rashi on Genesis
לזרע השדה FOR SEED OF THE FIELD — for sowing every year),
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Sforno on Genesis
את האדמה, which is his, והיה בתבואות When it come to the crops, which are his,
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Or HaChaim on Genesis
חמישית לפרעה, one fifth for Pharaoh, etc. Joseph was astute enough to say that Pharaoh would collect the first 20% of any seed. Even if, as a result, the remaining 80% would be only sufficient for the farmer to plant and to break even, Pharaoh would not agree to collect less than his 20%. On the other hand, the farmers would be at liberty to collect the overage whether there be a lot or a little.
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