מִי־זֹ֥את הַנִּשְׁקָפָ֖ה כְּמוֹ־שָׁ֑חַר יָפָ֣ה כַלְּבָנָ֗ה בָּרָה֙ כַּֽחַמָּ֔ה אֲיֻמָּ֖ה כַּנִּדְגָּלֽוֹת׃ (ס)
Chi è lei che guarda come l'alba, fiera come la luna, chiara come il sole, terribile come un esercito con stendardi?
Rashi on Song of Songs
Who is this that gazes down. Upon us, [looking] from a high place to a low place is called “הַשְׁקָפָה.” So is the Beis Hamikdosh higher than all lands.21See Maseches Kiddushin 69a.
Ezra ben Solomon on Song of Songs
Who is this who appears [ha-nishkafah]? A reference to shekhinah, as Scripture says: “The Lord looked forth [hishkif] from heaven at the children of man” [Ps. 14:2];198Shekhinah is the power of providence, coming forth from “heaven” or tiferet. “Look forth [hashkifah] from Your holy dwelling” [Deut. 26:15].
Rashi on Song of Songs
Like the [breaking] dawn. Which gradually illuminates little by little; so were the [Bnei] Yisroel during the second Beis Hamikdosh. In the beginning, Zerubavel was the governor of Yehudah, but not a king, and they were subjugated to Persia and to Greece, but afterwards, the house of Chashmonai defeated them and they became kings.