Midrash su Amos 5:19

“And despite this, even when they are in the land of their enemies, I have not spurned them and have not rejected them, to destroy them, to violate My covenant with them, as I am the Lord their God” (Leviticus 26:44).
Shmuel began: “And despite this, even when they are in the land of their enemies, I have not spurned them and have not rejected them, to destroy them, to violate My covenant with them, as I am the Lord their God.” – “I have not spurned them,” in Babylonia; “and have not rejected them,” in Media; “to destroy them,” in Greece; “to violate My covenant with them,” in the evil kingdom;⁸Rome. “as I am the Lord their God,” in the future. Rabbi Ḥiyya taught: “I have not spurned them,” during the reign of Vespasian; “and have not rejected them,” during the reign of Trajan; “to destroy them,” in the days of Haman; “to violate My covenant with them,” in the days of the Romans; “as I am the Lord their God,” in the days of Gog and Magog.

“As when a man fled from the lion and a bear attacked him; he came home and leaned his hand on the wall, and a snake bit him” (Amos 5:19).
Rabbi Yuda son of Rabbi Simon began: “As when a man fled from the lion and a bear attacked him; he came home and leaned his hand on the wall, and a snake bit him.” Rabbi Huna and Rabbi Aḥa in the name of Rabbi Ḥama bar Rabbi Ḥanina said: “As when a man fled from the lion,” that is Babylonia, according to: “The first was like a lion” (Daniel 7:4); “and a bear attacked him,” that is Media, according to: “And behold, another beast, a second one, resembling a bear” (Daniel 7:5).
Rabbi Yoḥanan said: le dev is written [“a second one, resembling a bear (dov)].”⁹ The words in the verse in Daniel 7:5 domeh le-dov, “resembling a bear,” could be vocalized domeh le-dev, meaning resembling a wolf, as dev can mean wolf in Aramaic. This is the opinion of Rabbi Yoḥanan, as Rabbi Yoḥanan said: “Therefore, a lion from the forest smote them” (Jeremiah 5:6), that is Babylonia; “a wolf of the deserts will plunder them” (Jeremiah 5:6), that is Media; “a leopard lies in wait near their cities” (Jeremiah 5:6), that is Greece; “everyone who emerges from them will be mauled” (Jeremiah 5:6), that is Edom; “he comes home” (Amos 5:19), that is Greece when the Temple stood; “and a snake bit him” (Amos 5:19), that is Edom, as it is stated: “Its sound will go forth like a snake” (Jeremiah 46:22).
Likewise, it says: “Open for me, my sister, my love, my dove, my faultless one,” (Song of Songs 5:2). “Open for me, my sister,” that is Babylonia; “my love,” that is Media; “my faultless one,” in Greece; “my dove,” in Edom, as throughout the days of Greece[’s hegemony] the Temple was standing and Israel was offering doves and pigeons on the altar.
Rabbi Pinḥas and Rabbi Levi in the name of Rabbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina offered an interpretation [of “In my distress I called to the Lord and to my God I cried; from His Sanctuary He heard my voice, and my cry before Him came into His ears” (Psalms 18:7)]: It is written: “In my distress I called to the Lord,” in Babylonia; “and to my God I cried,” in Media; from His Sanctuary He heard my voice,” in Greece, as Rabbi Huna himself said: “My dove,” in Greece, as throughout the days of Greece, the Temple was standing and Israel was offering there doves and pigeons on the altar. That is: “from His Sanctuary He heard my voice and my cry before Him came into His ears,” in the kingdom of Edom.
Another matter: “ As when a man fled from the lion,” that is Nebuchadnezzar; “and a bear attacked him,” that is Belshatzar; “he came home and leaned his hand on the wall, and a snake bit him,” that is Haman, who would crush the people like a snake. That is as it is written: “Reḥum the commander and Shimshai the scribe” (Ezra 4:8), that is the son of Haman; “wrote a letter…to Artaxerxes the king, as follows” (ibid.). And what was written in it? “Now issue a decree to cease, and that this city not be rebuilt ….” (Ezra 4:21), [“they will no longer pay] minda” (Ezra 4:13), that is land tax; “belo” (ibid.), that is the poll tax; and “halakh” (ibid.), that is the king’s service; “and the revenue of the kings will be harmed” (ibid.). Rav Huna and Rabbi Pinḥas said: Even things with which the kingdom entertains itself, e.g., theaters and circuses, this people harms. When he sent it, it was received by the king, and he canceled work on the Temple. When they saw that, everyone began screaming: 'Woe [vai];' “it was [vayhi] during the days of Aḥashverosh” (Esther 1:1).

Rab said: "Ben David will not arrive until Rome will have dominated over Israel for nine months, as it is said (Micha 5, 2) Therefore will He give them up until the time when she who travaileth has brought forth, then shall the remnant of his brethren return with the children of Israel." Ula said: "May he come soon, but I wish not to see him [when he comes]." R. Joseph, however, said: "I pray for his coming in my days, and that I shall have the honor to sit in the shadow of his ass." Abaye said to Raba: "Why does the master not wish to see the Messiah? Is it because of the suffering which will precede the advent of the Messiah? Is there not a Baraitha that the disciples of R. Elazar questioned him: 'What may one do to be saved from the suffering which is to precede the coming of the Messiah,' and he answered, 'He shall occupy himself with the study of the Torah and with loving kindness'; and you, master, are doing both; you study the Torah and and practice loving kindness; why then are you afraid?" And he answered: "Perhaps sin [will cause me to suffer with the lot]." As R. Jacob b. Idi said, for R. Jacob b. Idi raised the following contradiction: It is written (Gen. 28, 15) And behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee wheresoever thou goest. And it is written (Ib. 32, 8) Then Jacob was greatly afraid, and he felt distressed. [Why was he afraid after he was promised by the Lord?] He (Jacob) was afraid because perhaps there was a sin which would serve [to prevent its fulfillment]; as we are taught in a Baraitha concerning the verse: (Ex. 15, 16) Till Thy people pass over, refers to the first entrance [of Palestine]; till this people pass over, refers to the second entrance [of Palestine]. Infer from this that it had been intended that a miracle be performed for Israel in the second entrance as it had been in the first entrance [of Palestine], but sin was the cause [that it was not performed]. R. Jochanan also said: "May he come soon, but I shall not see him." Resh Lakish said to him: "What is your reason?" Is it because of (Amos 5, 19) As if a man were to flee from a lion, and a bear should meet him; and he were to enter the house, and lean his hand against the wall, and a serpent should bite him? Come, and I will show you a similarity to this in the world at this time — e.g., when one goes to his field and meets a bailiff [who tries to contest the title to the field]; is this not equal to his meeting a lion? And when he enters the city a collector from the government meets him; is this not equal to his meeting a bear? And when he enters his house and finds his sons and daughters starving; is this not equal to a serpent's biting him? It must then be because of the following verse (Jer. 30, 6) Ask ye now, and see whether a male doth give birth to a child? Wherefore do I see every man (gever) with his hands on his loins as a woman is giving birth? And why are all faces turned pale? What does I see every man (gever) mean? Rabba b. Isaac, in the name of Rab, said: "Him (God) to whom all the strength belongs." And what does all faces turned pale, mean? R. Jochanan said: "The heavenly house-hold and the household here below, for at that time the Holy One, praised be He! says: 'Both Israel and the nations are my creatures, why then should I destroy the one for the other?'" R. Papa said: "This is what people say: 'If the ox [which is liked by the owner] falls while going on his way, a horse is placed at its (the ox's) crib (i.e., Israel is displaced and other nations feed on his soil).'"