Midrash su Deuteronomio 2:31

The halakhah is: A Jew who was walking on the way Erev Shabbat and it grew dark, and he had in his hand coins or something else, what should he do? This is what our sages taught? One for whom the path grows dark [erev Shabbat] he should give his wallet to a non-Jew. And why is it permitted to give it to a non-Jew? R. Levi said, when the children of Noah were commanded, they were commanded only about seven things, and Shabbat was not one of them, therefore they allowed it to be given to a non-Jew. And R. Yose bar Hanina said: A non-Jew who keeps Shabbat before he accepts upon himself circumcision is obligated for the death penalty. Why? For they were not commanded to keep this. And why did you says that a non-Jew who keeps Shabbat is liable for the death penalty? R. Hiyya b. Abba said in the name of R. Yohanan: It is the way of the world that a king and a matron are having a discussion, and one who sticks their head in, are they not liable for death? Thus Shabbat is a matter between Israel and God, as it says, "Between me and the children of Israel." [Thus any non-Jew who puts himself between them before he accepts circumcision, is obligated for death.] ...

(Deut. 2:3:) “You have had enough of going about this mountain.” This text is related (to Cant. 2:7=3:5), “I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem by gazelles or by hinds of the field….” There are three oaths¹¹Actually there are four oaths, 2:7; 3:5; 5:8; and 8:4, and only the first two mention gazelles or hinds. in the book of Canticles that the Holy One, blessed be He, adjured [Israel].¹²Cf. Ket. 111a. Why? One in which the Holy One, blessed be He, adjured Israel not to reveal the end¹³Cf. Cant. R. 12:9:1.; [a second] that they would not force the end; [a third] that they would not rebel against the [other] kingdoms. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to them, “If you fulfill the oaths, fine; but if not, I will permit your flesh [to be prey], as with gazelles or hinds of the field, [the injury of which] no one makes a claim or demands. So shall I not make a claim about your blood. (Deut. 2:31:) “And the Lord said unto me], ‘See I have begun to give Sihon and his land over to you.” It is also written (in Amos 2:9), “Yet I destroyed the Amorite¹⁴Although THE AMORITE implies the Amorite people in the biblical context, in the context of the midrash the singular AMORITE refers to Sihon. before (you) [them].” By virtue of what? By virtue of the Torah, which the sages had taught. Our masters have said, “Sihon was difficult [to overcome].¹⁵M. Pss. 136:11. His height was like a wall tower, and he was stronger than all creatures. He was taller than any tower on earth, but his feet reached to the earth. So no creature was able to stand before him, just as it says (Amos 2:9, cont.), “yet I destroyed his fruit above and his roots below.” What did the Holy One, blessed be He, do? He bound the ministering angel that belonged to him and to his land. Then he cast him from his place and handed him over to Israel. Therefore it is written (ibid.), “yet I destroyed his fruit above and his roots below.” Our masters have said, “Sihon and Og were stronger than Pharaoh and his armies. And just as they uttered a song over the fall of Pharaoh, so were they worthy to utter a song at their fall. It is simply that David came and uttered a song over them, as stated (in Ps. 136:17, 19) ‘To the One who smote great kings […]; Sihon, king of the Amorites […].’”

(Deut. 2:31:) MOREOVER, THE LORD SAID {UNTO MOSES} [UNTO ME]: SEE I HAVE BEGUN TO GIVE SIHON AND HIS LAND OVER TO YOU. [It is also written] (in Amos 2:9): YET I DESTROYED THE AMORITE¹²Although THE AMORITE implies the Amorite people in the biblical context, in the context of the midrash the singular AMORITE refers to Sihon. [BEFORE THEM, WHOSE STATURE WAS LIKE THE CEDARS IN HEIGHT]. By virtue of what? By virtue of the Torah, which the sages had taught. Our masters have said: Sihon was strong.¹³Below, Deut. 1a:8; M. Pss. 136:11. His height was like a wall tower, and he was stronger than all creatures. He was taller than any tower on earth, but his feet reached to the earth. So no creature was able to stand before him, just as it says (ibid., cont.): YET I DESTROYED HIS FRUIT ABOVE <AND HIS ROOTS BELOW>. What did the Holy One do? He bound the <angelic> prince that belonged to him and to his land. Then he cast him {in} [from] his place and handed him over to Israel. Our masters have said: Sihon and Og were stronger than Pharaoh and his armies; for just as they uttered a song over the fall of Pharaoh, so were they worthy to utter a song at their fall. It is simply that David came and uttered a song over them, as stated (in Ps. 136:10): TO THE ONE WHO SMOTE EGYPT THROUGH THEIR FIRST-BORN…. (vss. 17, 19) TO THE ONE WHO SMOTE GREAT KINGS …; SIHON, KING OF THE AMORITES….