Midrash su Deuteronomio 22:17

(Exodus 22:2) "If the sun shone upon him": Now does the sun shine upon him alone? Does it not shine upon the whole world? But (the intent is) Just as the sun is peace for the world, so this one (the thief) — If he knows that he is at peace with him, and he killed him nonetheless, he is liable. Similarly (Devarim 22:17) "Then they shall spread out the garment" — They shall make things clear, as a (new) garment. Similarly, (Exodus 21:19) "on his cane" — on his own power. Here, too, (this figurative interpretation is the intent of) "If the sun shone upon him." R. Yishmael says: You say this, but perhaps the intent is (literally) to distinguish between day and night, viz.: If he killed him in the daytime, he is liable; if at night, he is not liable. It is, therefore, written (Devarim 22:26) "and to the maiden you shall do nothing; for as a man would rise up against his neighbor and murder him, so, is this thing" (raping a maiden). Now what do we learn (about raping) from (murdering)? But it (the instance of murdering) apparently comes to teach (something about that of raping), and ends up "learning" (something from it), viz.: Just as in the instance of raping, there is no difference between day and night, here, too, (in the instance of murdering,) no such distinction is to be made. Just as here, if he rose up (against the thief) and killed him, he is not liable, there, too, if she rose up against him and killed him, she is not liable. And just as there, if she had helpers against him and she killed him, she is liable (viz. Devarim, Ibid. 27), so, here, if he (the owner) had helpers against him and he killed him, he is liable.

(Exodus 21:19) "If he arise and walk": I might think, even in his house; it is, therefore, written "al mishanto" (lit., "on his support'), i.e., on his own power. This is one of three things in the Torah which R. Yishmael expounded metaphorically. Similarly, (Exodus 22:2) "If the sun shone upon him." Now is it upon him alone that the sun shines? Does it not shine upon the whole world? But, (the intent is) just as the sun is peace for the world, so, this one, if it were known about him that he (the one breaking into his house) were at peace with him (i.e., would not kill him, as in the instance of a father breaking in to steal from his son), and he (the son) killed him, he is liable. Similarly, (Devarim 22:17) "And they (the parents of the girl accused of infidelity) 'spread the garment' (i.e., make her innocence as manifest as a spread-out garment.) Here, too, "al mishanto" is understood (metaphorically) as "on his own power."

(Devarim 22:17) "And they shall spread the garment before the elders of the city": They must clarify the matter as a (new) garment. The witnesses for both husband and father must clarify the matter before the elders of the city. This is one of the things that R. Yishmael was wont to expound as a mashal (a metaphor). Similarly, (Shemoth 22:2) "If the sun shone upon him": Now is it upon him alone that the sun shines? What, then, is the intent of "If the sun shone upon him"? Just as the sun is "peace" for the world, here, too, if he (the one threatened with robbery) knows that he (the robber) is "at peace" with him (and will not kill him if he resists, [as in the instance of a father robbing a son]) and he (the son) kills him, he is liable (for murder). Similarly, (Ibid. 21:19) "If he arise and walk outside on his crutch" — on his own power.