Midrash su Deuteronomio 23:12

Our Rabbis were taught: "There are six persons over whom the Angel of Death did not dominate: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, and Miriam. The first three because of the words mentioned, and the latter because it is written (Num. 33, 38) By the order of the Lord, etc. But concerning Miriam these words are not written? R. Elazar said: "Miriam also died the same death, because we infer it through the analogy by the word Sham Sham, and Scripture merely withheld it." Our Rabbis were taught: There are seven upon whom the worms have no domination: Abraham, Isaac Jacob, Moses, Aaron, Miriam, Benjamin ben Jacob; according to others, also David. The former six, because of the reasons stated above; and Benjamin, because it is written concerning him (Deut. 23, 12) The beloved of the Lord [is he], he shall dwell in safety, etc. There are four who died without sins of their own but [for the sin committed] through the instigation of the serpent; viz: Benjamin b. Jacob, Amram, father of Moses, Jesse, father of David, and Khiliab b. David. Concerning all of them we hold a tradition, except Jesse, the father of David, which is deduced from the verse, as it is written (II Sam. 17, 25) Now Amasa was the son of a man, whose name was Ithra the Israelite, that went in to Abigal, the daughter of Nachash, sister of Zeruiah, Joab's mother. Was she then the daughter of Nachash? Behold she was the daughter of Ithra as it is written (I Chr. 2, 16) And their sisters were Zeruiah, etc. We therefore say that it means who died through the instigation of the serpent.

“When a camp goes out against your enemies, you shall beware of everything evil” (Devarim 23:10). There should be no levity among you so that you do not incur any liability. From whom should you learn? From Yiftach. What is written about him? “…and he was the son of a harlot…” (Shoftim 11:1) Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said that she brought her sister-wife into her house, and our Rabbis say that she was really a harlot; and because there was some levity in him all of the people fell upon him. Therefore it is written “you shall beware of everything evil" and “If there is among you a man who is unclean…” These are Israel who became impure through idolatry, as it says “…scatter them afar like a menstruant; 'Go out,' say to it.” (Yeshayahu 30:22) “…he shall go outside the camp…” (Devarim 23:11) that they were exiled to Bavel. “And it shall be, towards evening…”(Devarim 23:12) the evening of the kingdoms, and the Holy One purifies them as it says “…he shall bathe in water…” (ibid.) and it is written “When the Lord shall have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion…” (Yeshayahu 4:4) “…and when the sun sets…” (Devraim 23:12) When the King Messiah comes of whom it is written “…and his throne is like the sun before Me.” (Tehillim 89:37) “…he may come within the camp” (Devarim 23:12) These are Israel, entering into the Holy Temple. “And you shall have a designated place outside the camp…” (Devarim 23:13) this is the merit of Avraham. R. Pinchas said- “…so that you can go out there,” to Bavel. “And you shall keep a stake in addition to your weapons…” (Devarim 23:14) Nevuchadnezar demanded that they serve an idol and they said “…let it be known to you, O king, that we will not worship your god…” (Daniel 3:18) “…and you shall return and cover your excrement.” (Devarim 23:14) The covering of idolatry that was in Jerusalem. “For the Lord, your God, goes along in the midst of your camp…” (Devarim 23:15) The Holy One will be revealed to them immediately and saved them from the fire. “Therefore, your camp shall be holy…” (ibid.) Afterwards He will sanctify them as it says “And they shall call them the holy people, those redeemed by the Lord…” (Yeshayahu 62:12)

Another interpretation (of Deut. 3:23): I BESOUGHT <THE LORD>. This text is related (to Is. 30:19): INDEED, O PEOPLE IN ZION, INHABITANTS OF JERUSALEM, [YOU SHALL SURELY WEEP NO MORE. <HE WILL SURELY SHOW YOU COMPASSION (rt.: HNN)>…. ] What is written above on the matter (in Deut. 3:12)?¹⁵Tanh., Deut. 2:4. <…> AND ITS CITIES I GAVE {TO THE CHILDREN OF REUBEN AND TO THE CHILDREN OF GAD} [TO THE REUBENITES AND TO THE GADITES]. Moses taught <all> who come into the world that one should not say that, whereas he is dangerously ill, has made a will,¹⁶Gk.: diatheke. and divided all that he has. He should not say that, whereas he has made a will, he will no longer pray. Rather he should pray, because the Holy One does not disqualify the prayer of [any] creature. See here. Moses made a will, as stated (in Deut. 23:12): < … > AND ITS CITIES I GAVE TO THE REUBENITES AND TO THE GADITES [….: (vs. 14:) JAIR BEN MANASSEH <RECEIVED>…. (vs. 15:)TO MACHIR I GAVE GILEAD. (vs. 16:) AND TO THE REUBENITES AND THE GADITES I GAVE [….: (vs. 18:) THEN I CHARGED YOU AT THAT TIME, SAYING [….] (vs. 21:) I ALSO CHARGED JOSHUA [AT THAT TIME], SAYING: [Ergo, <Moses made> a will. Lest you say: He ceased and did not pray, the text reads (in vs. 23) I BESOUGHT THE LORD.]