Midrash su Salmi 109:22

R. Joshua b. Levi said further: "The crime of the golden calf was committed only to give a chance to the repenter, as it is said (Deut. 5, 26) O, that they had such a heart as this always, to fear Me." So also said R. Jochanan in the name of R. Simon b. Jochai: "Neither was David befitted for that crime with Bath Sheba, nor Israel for that crime [of the calf]." David was not befitted to commit the crime, as concerning the passage reads (Ps. 109, 22) My heart is deeply wounded within me. And also Israel was not befitted for the above crime, as it is written, O, that they had such a heart as this always to fear Me. And why was it committed? (Fol. 5) For the benefit of sinners. If it happens to be an individual, it may be said to him: Repent, as the individual David did. And if it happens to be a congregation, they also may be told to repent, as the congregation of the desert did. And both are necessary to show that there is no difference between an individual and a congregation in obtaining a pardon. This is what R. Samuel b. Nachmeni, in the name of Jonathan said: "What is the meaning of the passage (II Sam. 23, 1) And thus saith David b. Jessi, and thus said the man who was raised up (Ol) on high? The word Ol means, the man who had raised the yoke of repentance."

(Fol. 17) Our Rabbis were taught: There are three to whom the Holy One, praised be He! gave a taste of the world to come in this world: namely, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob: Abraham — concerning whom it is written bakol: Isaac — concerning whom it is written mikol; and Jacob — concerning whom it is written kol. The same three overruled the evil spirit, as the words Bakol, Mikol, Kol are written regarding them. Others add also David, concerning whom it is written (Ps. 109, 22) And my heart is deeply wounded, etc. The first Tanna, however, explains the last as a mere expression of pain.