Bibbia Ebraica
Bibbia Ebraica

Midrash su Salmi 29:7

קוֹל־יְהוָ֥ה חֹצֵ֗ב לַהֲב֥וֹת אֵֽשׁ׃

La voce dell'Eterno spegne fiamme di fuoco.

Shir HaShirim Rabbah

Another matter, “let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth,” Rabbi Yoḥanan said: An angel would take the utterance from before the Holy One blessed be He,72This is referring to the Ten Commandments. each and every utterance, and circulate them before each and every Israelite and say to him: ‘Do you accept this utterance upon yourself? There are such and such laws in it, there are such and such punishments in it, there are such and such decrees in it, and so many commandments, and so many a fortiori inferences, there are such and such rewards in it.’ The Israelite would say to him: ‘Yes.’ [The angel] would then say to him: ‘Do you accept the divinity of the Holy One blessed be He?’ And he would say to him: ‘Yes, yes.’ Immediately he would kiss him on his mouth; that is what is written: “You have been shown in order to know [that the Lord, He is God]” (Deuteronomy 4:35), by means of an agent.
The Rabbis say: The utterance itself would circulate before each and every Israelite, and say to him: ‘Do you accept me upon yourself? There are such and such commandments in me, there are such and such laws in me, there are such and such punishments in me, there are such and such decrees in me, there are such and such commandments in me, and there are such and such a fortiori inferences in me, there are such and such rewards in me.’ He would say to it: ‘Yes, yes.’ Immediately, the utterance would kiss him on his mouth, [and it would appear] as a scholar and teach him Torah. That is what is written: “Lest you forget the matters that your eyes saw” (Deuteronomy 4:9). Matters [devarim] that your eyes saw; how the utterance [dibur] would speak to you.
Another matter, “lest you forget the matters,” Israel heard two commandments from the mouth of the Holy One blessed be He. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: The reason of the Rabbis is that after all the commandments,73After the Ten Commandments were given at Sinai. it is written: “You speak with us and we will hear” (Exodus 20:16).74The Israelites said this to Moses. The implication is that until that time, God himself had been speaking to them. What does Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi do with it? He disagrees, because there is no chronological order in the Torah. Perhaps “you speak with us and we will hear” was stated only after two or three commandments.
Rabbi Azarya – Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon, in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi, adopted his approach – said: It is written: “Moses commanded us the Torah” (Deuteronomy 33:4). The whole Torah in its entirety is six hundred and thirteen commandments. In terms of numerical value, Torah totals six hundred and eleven mitzvot,75The word Torah is spelled tav, which is four hundred, vav, which is six, resh, which is two hundred, and heh, which is five, for a total of six hundred and eleven. which Moses spoke to us; however, anokhi and lo yihye lekha76The first two of the Ten Commandments. we did not hear from the mouth of Moses, but rather, from the mouth of the Holy One blessed be He; that is: “Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth.”
How did the utterance emerge from the mouth of the Holy One blessed be He? Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai and the Rabbis, Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai says: It teaches that the utterance would emerge from the right of the Holy One blessed be He, to the left of Israel, and then circumvent the Israelite camp, which was eighteen mil by eighteen mil and then circumvent from the right of Israel to the left of the Holy One blessed be He. The Holy One blessed be He would receive it in His right and inscribe it on the tablet,77The utterance is portrayed as emerging from God’s right side, encircling the Israelite camp, and returning to God’s left side, from which it would be passed to His right side and He would engrave it. and its sound carried from one end of the earth to the other, to uphold what is stated: “The voice of the Lord hews flames of fire” (Psalms 29:7).
The Rabbis say: Is there a left side On High? But is it not written: “Your right, Lord, is glorious in strength; Your right hand, Lord” (Exodus 15:6)?78The left hand represents the attribute of justice, but at the time of the giving of the Torah, and at the time of the splitting of the sea, which is the context of this verse, God acted purely with the attribute of mercy (Maharzu). Rather, the utterance would emerge from the mouth of the Holy One blessed be He, from His right to the right of Israel, and then circumvent the Israelite camp, eighteen mil by eighteen mil, and then circumvent from the right of Israel to the right of the Holy One blessed be He.79Thus, the utterance encircled the Israelite camp from behind and in front, before returning to God’s right side. The Holy One blessed be He would receive it in His right hand and inscribe it on the tablet, and its sound carried from one end of the earth to the other, to uphold what is stated: “The voice of the Lord hews flames of fire” (Psalms 29:7).
Rabbi Berekhya said: Rabbi Ḥelbo taught me: The utterance itself was inscribed on its own, and when it was inscribed its sound went from one end of the earth to the other, as it is stated: “The voice of the Lord hews flames of fire” (Psalms 29:7). I said to Rabbi Ḥelbo: ‘But is it not written: “Written with the finger of God”’ (Exodus 31:18)? He said to me: ‘Strangler, did you think to strangle me?’80Do you think to refute me with proof from an explicit verse? I said to him: ‘What, then, is [the meaning of] what is written: “Tablets of stone written with the finger of God”?’ He said to me: ‘Like a student who is writing and his master steadies his hand.’
Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi and the Rabbis, Rabbi Yehoshua says: Israel heard two commandments from the mouth of the Holy One blessed be He: Anokhi and lo yihye lekha; that is what is written: “Let him kiss me with the kisses [mineshikot] of his mouth” and not all of the kisses.81The term mineshikot can be translated “some of the kisses.” The Rabbis say: Israel heard all the commandments from the mouth of the Holy One blessed be He. Rabbi Yehoshua of Sikhnin [said] in the name of Rabbi Levi: The reason of the Rabbis is as it is written: “They said to Moses, "You speak to us and we will hear” (Exodus 20:16).82This statement appears after the conclusion of all of the Ten Commandments. What does Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi do with this [verse]? He disagrees because there is no chronological order in the Torah. Perhaps “you speak with us and we will hear” was stated after only two or three commandments.
Rabbi Azarya – Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi adopted his approach – said: It is written: “Moses commanded us the Torah” (Deuteronomy 33:4). The whole Torah in its entirety is six hundred and thirteen commandments. In terms of numerical value, Torah totals six hundred and eleven mitzvot [that] Moses spoke to us; however, anokhi and lo yihye lekha we did not hear from the mouth of Moses, but rather, from the mouth of the Holy One blessed be He.
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Midrash Tanchuma

R. Levi stated: He then took the list of gods and began to read: The god of Edom, the god of Moab, the god of Sidon, etc. And he said to them: “I have read the entire list, but the name of your God is not upon it.” R. Levi said: This may be compared to a priest who had a foolish servant. On one occasion, after the priest had left the city, his servant went to the cemetery to seek him. He inquired of the men loitering about: “Have you seen my master here?” They replied: “Isn’t your master a priest?” Indeed, he replied. “Fool,” they said, “who has ever seen a priest in a cemetery?”7Priests are not permitted to enter cemeteries (Lev. 21:1 and the halakhic codes). Moses and Aaron likewise rebuked Pharaoh, saying: “Fool, these gods that you mentioned are all dead, but the Lord, the true God, is a living God, the King of the Universe.” Pharaoh asked them: “Is He young or old? How many cities has He captured? How many provinces has He humbled? How long has He been King?” They replied: “The strength and power of our God permeates the world. He was before the world was created, and He will be at the end of all worlds. He fashioned you and placed within you the breath of life.” “What else has He done?” he asked. They replied: He stretched forth the heavens and the earth and His voice heweth out flames of fire (Ps. 29:7); He rends the mountains and breaketh in pieces the rocks (I Kings 19:11); His bow is of fire; His arrows are flames; His spear is a torch; His shield is of the clouds; His sword is lighning; He formeth mountains and hills; covereth the mountains with the grass; the heavens with clouds; He bringeth down rain and dew, cạuseth plants to grow and fruits to ripen; He afflicteth the beasts; He formeth the embryo in the womb of the mother and bringeth it forth into the light of the world. He removeth kings and setteth up kings (Dan. 2:21). He said to them: “You have been speaking falsehood from the start! For I am the lord of the world, and I created myself and the Nile, as is written: The Nile is mine, I made it (Ezek. 29:3).” At that moment he gathered all the wise men of Egypt, and said to them: “Perhaps you have heard about the god of these?” They said to him: “We have heard that he is the son of wise men and the son of early kings.” The Holy One, blessed be He said: They call themselves wise men, but Me (they call) a son of wise men! By your life, I will destroy you for your wisdom, as is written: All the wisdom of Pharaoh’s advisers, their plans are foolish. How can you say to Pharaoh, “I am a son of wise men, I am the son of early kings? (Isa. 19:11). See what is written of them: The wisdom of his wise men and the understanding of his discerning men will be hidden (ibid. 29:14). He (Pharaoh) answered them (Moses and Aaron): “I do not understand what you are saying. Who is God that I should harken to His voice? (Exod. 5:2).” The Holy One, blessed be He responded: Evil one! Who is God? you asked. (With) who (mi) you will be plagued. Mi equals fifty in gematria.8Mem = 40, yod = 10. These are the fifty plagues which the Holy One, blessed be He, brought upon the Egyptians in Egypt. What does Scripture say regarding Egypt? The sorcerers said to Pharaoh: “This is the finger of God” (ibid. 8:15), and regarding the sea, what does (Scripture) say? Israel saw the great hand (ibid. 14:31). How many plagues did they suffer with a finger? Ten plagues. Calculate the five fingers on a great hand; each one corresponds to ten, hence fifty. Another interpretation: mi (“who”), switch the letters of mi (mem-yod)and you spell yam (yod-mem, “sea”); the Red Sea will inform you who God is. By your life! With your own mouth you will exclaim: ‘The Lord is righteous.’ You have said: I will not send, but tomorrow you will take hold of each of them by the hand and say: Go in peace, take even thy sheep and thy cattle, and the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, to send them out of the land in haste (ibid. 12:33). And thus it is said: And it came to pass, when Pharaoh had let the people go (ibid. 13:17).
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Mekhilta d'Rabbi Yishmael

(Ibid. 20:15) "And all the people saw the sounds and the lightnings": They saw what was visible and heard what was audible. These are the words of R. Yishmael. R. Akiva says: They saw and heard what was audible. There was nothing that left the mouth of the Omnipotent which was not inscribed on the tablets, as it is written (Psalms 29:7) "The voice of the L rd hews (with) flames of fire."
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Sifrei Devarim

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