Midrash su Salmi 49:6

(Deut. 7:12:) “And it shall come to pass if (literally, in the heel of).” This text is related (to Ps. 49:6), “Why should I fear in the evil days, when the iniquity of my heels encompass me?” May the name of the Holy One, blessed be He, be blessed because He has given a Torah to Israel in which there are six hundred and thirteen commandments, some of which are light and some weighty. But because some of the commandments are light, people pay no attention to them. Instead they cast them under their heels [while] saying they are light. For that reason David was afraid of the Day of Judgment and said, “Master of the world, I am not afraid of the weighty commandments which are in the Torah, because they are weighty. Of what am I afraid? Of the light commandments, lest I have transgressed one of them, [not knowing] whether I have fulfilled it or not fulfilled it, because it is light; for you have said, ‘Be as mindful of the light commandments as of the weighty commandments.’”¹Avot 2:1. It therefore says (in Ps. 49:6), “Why should I fear in the evil days?” (Deut. 7:12:) “And it shall come to pass if (ekev) you heed [these statutes].” This text is related (to Ps. 19:11-12), “More delightful are they than gold, than much fine gold; [sweeter also than honey and the drippings of the comb]. Also by them is Your servant warned; [in keeping them there is great reward (ekev)]. Come and see how David glorified the words of Torah, where it is stated (ibid.), “More delightful are they than gold, than much fine gold.” And not only that, but among all the kinds of grains, none is more precious than pure semolina, which floats upon the [sieve] (zafah benapah); but the words of Torah are more precious than that, as stated (ibid., vs. 11), “sweeter also than honey and the drippings of the comb (nofet zufim).” R. Hanina said, “If you say that among all the beverages none is sweeter than honey, the words of Torah are [even] sweeter than honey.” David said to the Holy One, blessed be He, “Master of the universe, if You say that they (the commandments) of the Torah are sweet, Heaven forbid that I should have missed them. Rather (according to vs. 12), ‘Also by them is Your servant warned; in keeping them there is great reward,’” [meaning] the light commandments. Therefore it is written (in Ps. 31:20), “How abundant is the good which You have laid up [for those who fear You]….” This is the reward for the light commandments.

(Deut. 7:12:) AND IT SHALL COME TO PASS IF YOU HEED <THESE STATUTES>…. This text is related (to Ps. 49:6 [5]): WHY SHOULD I FEAR IN THE EVIL DAYS, WHEN THE INIQUITY OF MY HEELS ENCOMPASS ME? May the Name of the Holy One be blessed, because he has given a Torah to Israel in which there are six hundred and thirteen simple and weighty commandments;¹Tanh., Deut. 3:1. but the children of Adam pay no attention to them. Instead they cast them under their heels while saying they are simple.²Cf. Matthew 23:23 // Luke 11:42. For that reason David was afraid of the Day of Judgment and said: Sovereign of the Universe, I am not afraid of the weighty commandments which are in the Torah, because they are weighty. Of what am I afraid? Of the simple commandments, lest I have transgressed one of them, whether I have fulfilled it or not, because it is simple; for you have said: Be as mindful of the simple commandments as of the weighty commandments.³Avot 2:1. It therefore says (in Ps. 49:6 [5]): WHY SHOULD I FEAR IN THE EVIL DAYS?

Chanina b. Tradion was then brought before them and questioned why he occupied himself with the Torah, and he answered: "Because I am so commanded by the Lord my God." The decree was then rendered that he should be burned, his wife killed, and his daughter to be taken to the house of prostitutes. He to be burned, because (Fol. 18) he used to express the Tetragrammaton as it is written [and not as it is to be read instead]. But why did he so? Did not Aba Shaul say that he who does so has no share in the world to come? He did so in the course of learning, as we are taught in a Baraitha concerning the passage (Deut. 18, 9) Thou shalt not learn to do, i.e., but thou mayest learn to understand and teach. Why then was he punished? We must therefore say that he did it also publicly. His wife to be killed, because she had not prevented his doing so by protesting; from this it is to be inferred that he who feels that his protests would effect and does not protest, is punished therefor. And his daughter to prostitution, because, according to R. Jochanan, it happened once that she walked in the presence of the great people of Rome, and they exclaimed: "How nice are the steps of this girl!" And from that time she took care of her steps to please the spectators. And this is meant by Resh Lakish: "What is the meaning of the passage (Ps. 49, 6) When the iniquity of my supplanters compasseth me about? This means the sins which one commits with his feet in this world will surround him on the day of judgment." When all three went out of the court, they justified the decrees upon them. Chanina said (Deut. 32, 4) He is the Rock, His work is perfect, etc. His wife said, The God of truth and without iniquity; and his daughter said (Jer. 32, 19) Great in council, and mighty in execution (Thou) whose eyes are open over all the ways of the sons of man. Said Rabbi: "How great are these upright that to justify their decrees, the three verses of justification came to their mouths, at the time of so great a trouble."