Midrash su Salmi 72:3

R. Eleazar said: If there is judgement (din) below there is no judgement above; if there is no judgement above, there is judgement below.¹⁹Tanh., Exod. 6:5, cont.; M. Ps. 72:3; Gen. R. 26:6; Deut. R. 5:5; see also Gen. R. 35:3; 65:9. How so? If those below carry out a judgement, there is no judgement above? For this reason the Holy One said: Observe justice (mishpat) below so that you will not cause me to carry out justice (mishpat) above.²⁰See I Corinthians 11:32. Ergo (in Exod. 21:1): AND THESE ARE THE ORDINANCES (mishpatim). The Holy One said to them: Whatever I do, I do with justice (din). Thus, had I desired to transgress against justice (din) one time, the world would have been unable to survive. Isaiah has said (in Is. 27:4): THERE IS NO ANGER IN ME. [WOULD THAT HE WOULD GIVE ME THORNS AND THISTLES. I WOULD STEP FORTH AGAINST THEM IN BATTLE. I WOULD SET THEM ON FIRE ALL TOGETHER.] Had I walked one step and disregarded judgment (din), I WOULD SET THEM ON FIRE ALL TOGETHER, <i.e.> the world would have burned immediately. (Is. 27:5:) OR LET HIM TAKE HOLD OF MY PROTECTION, when my hand is seized in justice (din), [as stated (in Deut. 32:41):] MY HAND LAYS HOLD ON JUSTICE (mishpat). (Is. 27:5, cont.:) AND LET HIM MAKE PEACE FOR ME, <i.e.> LET HIM MAKE PEACE between me and the judgement (mishpat). (Deut. 32:41:) IF I SHARPEN (rt.: SNN) MY FLASHING SWORD, <i.e.> if I should change (rt.: SNH) the measure of judgement (din), a single flash of lightning would go forth to destroy the world. What should I do? (Deut. 32:41, cont.:) MY HAND LAYS HOLD ON JUSTICE (mishpat). The Holy One said: I am called the Lord of Justice (mishpat, rt.: ShPT), and I want to stretch out (rt.: PShT) my hand against Esau. Still I am unable <to do so> until I pay him a reward for a small favor which he did for me in this world. R. Pinhas bar Hama the Priest said:²¹Esther R. 1:6. Look at what is written (in Zech. 12:9): SO IT WILL COME TO PASS IN THAT DAY {SAYS THE LORD} THAT I WILL SEEK TO DESTROY ALL THE NATIONS. Israel says to him: Sovereign of the World, then who will stay your hand, since you are saying: I SEEK? The Holy One said: It is simply that, when I SEEK their merit and do not find it, then I WILL SEEK TO DESTROY ALL THE NATIONS. R. Levi said: What is written (in Dan. 7:9)? I LOOKED UNTIL THRONES WERE THROWN DOWN.²²Remaw. The word can mean “were set in place,” and this meaning better fits the biblical context. The context of the midrash, however, requires the translation, WERE THROWN DOWN. The Holy One said: When I acquit some of the nations of the world <for> a few simple commandments which they have carried out in my presence, <it is> during that < limited > time, UNTIL THRONES WERE THROWN DOWN. <It is those > thrones belonging to the nations of the world that the Holy One is going to overturn, as stated (in Hag. 2:22): THEN I WILL OVERTURN THE THRONES OF {THE}KINGDOMS [AND DESTROY THE MIGHT OF THE KINGDOMS] OF THE NATIONS. At that time I will <also> redeem you so that you shall be enslaved no more, as stated (in Nahum 1:12): THOUGH I HAVE AFFLICTED YOU, I WILL AFFLICT YOU NO MORE.

Another interpretation: "This month for you..." (Exodus 12:2) This is what is written, "That the righteous shall flourish in his days and multiply peace until the moon is no more" (Psalms 72:7) - until the Holy One Blessed Be He does not bring out Israel from the land of Egypt. It was a hint that kingship did not come to them for 30 generations, as it is written "This month for you shall be the head of the months..." A month is 30 days, and your kingship is 30 generations. The moon begins to give light on the 1st of Nissan, and all the more so it gives light until 15 days, and its disc becomes full. And from 15 to 30, its light diminishes - on the 30th, it cannot be seen. Accordingly is Israel 15 generations from Abraham to Solomon. Abraham began to give light, as was written: "Who has roused a righteous one from the East; He shall call him to His foot" (Isaiah 41:2) [reading ha-ir with an ayin "roused" as "ha-ir" with an aleph "gave light"] Isaac came, and even he gave light, as was said, "Light was sown for the righteous" (Psalms 97:11). Jacob came and added light, as was said, "And the light of Israel will be for fire" (Isaiah 10:17). And after this: Judah, Peretz, Ram, Amminadab, Nachshon, Salmon, Boaz, Oved, Jesse, David. When Solomon came, the disc of the moon became full, as was said, "And Solomon sat on the throne of YHVH as king" (1 Chronicles 29:23). And how could a human sit on the throne of the Holy One Blessed Be He who said about it, "His throne was tongues of flame" (Daniel 7:9)? Rather, just as the Holy One Blessed Be He dominated from end to end of the earth and dominates all kings, as is said "All of the kings of the world shall acknowledge You" (Psalms 138:4), so Solomon dominated from end to end of the earth, as was said, "And all the kings of the earth would request to come before Solomon... and each one of them would bring his tribute..." (2 Chronicles 9:23-24) And therefore it was said, "And Solomon sat on the throne of YHVH as king". The Holy One Blessed Be He dressed him in majesty and splendor and gave Solomon the majesty of kingship, as was said, "And He gave him the majesty of kingship..." (1 Chronicles 29:25) on the throne of the Holy One Blessed Be He, as was written, "And the likeness of their faces was the face of a man and the face of a lion..." (Ezekiel 1:10). And regarding Solomon, it was written "And on the insets that were between the frames were lions, oxen..." (I Kings 7:29) And one verse says, "...like the work of chariot wheels..." (I Kings 7:33). On the throne of the Holy One Blessed Be He, no bad thing befalls, as was said, "Evil cannot dwell with You" (Psalms 5:5), and regarding Solomon it is written, "...there is no bad adversary and no bad happenstance" (I Kings 5:20). The Holy One Blessed Be He made 6 firmaments and dwelt in the seventh. And regarding Solomon's throne it is written "Six steps up to the throne..." (I Kings 10:19) and he sits on the seventh step. Behold, the disc of the moon became full, and from there, the kings began to diminish and go: "And the son of Solomon was Rehoboam" (I Chronicles 3:10), and the son of Rehoboam was Aviyah, and his son Asa, Jehoshaphat, Joram, Achazia, Joash, Amazia, Uzziah, Jotham, Achaz, Hezekiah, Menashe, Amon, Josiah, Jehoiakim. Since Zedekiah came, as was written "And the eyes of Zedekiah were blinded" (Jeremiah 52:11) - lacking the moon's light. And all of those years, despite Israel sinning, the patriarchs would pray for them and make peace between Israel and the Omnipresent, as was said, "Let the mountains lift up peace for the people" (Psalms 72:3). And there are no mountains other than the patriarchs, as was said, "Listen, mountains, to the argument of YHVH" (Micah 6:2) . And until when were the patriarchs praying for them? Until Zedekiah lost his eyes and the Temple was destroyed, as was said "..and multiply peace until the moon is no more" (Psalms 72:7) - until 30 generations that Israel had kingship. From that hour until now, who makes peace for Israel? YHVH, as was said, "May YHVH lift his face to you and grant you peace" (Numbers 6:26)