Talmud su Deuteronomio 20:3

HALAKHAH: “The priest anointed for war,” etc. Why⁴Why must he speak in Hebrew only? the priest anointed for war? Because it is written “he shall speak⁵Deut. 20:2.”? But about the reading of the Šema‘ it is written: “You shall speak about them,” and it may be recited in any language. But because it is written there “saying⁶Deut. 20:3.”. But for the declaration of tithes it is written “saying⁷Deut. 26:13.” and it may be recited in any language! Rebbi Ḥaggai said, it says here “to come close⁵Deut. 20:2.” and it says there, “the Levitic Cohanim shall come close⁸Deut. 21:5.;” since “coming close” there implies [recitation in] the holy language⁹Mishnah 7:2., so also “coming close” here implies [recitation in] the holy language¹⁰This is an example of an argument outside the hermeneutic rules, used quite frequently in the Babli but very sparingly in the Yerushalmi. It is not an “equal cut” since there is no transfer of meaning involved; it is what is known as הֶקֵּשׁ “tying together”. Both in the case of the priest chosen for war and the calf selected to atone for an unsolved murder case, it should be quite clear that the people involved cannot be heard unless they are reasonably close. In both cases, the note that they have to come near is somewhat redundant. Therefore, one may conclude that the additional expression was used to indicate similar circumstances, which by rabbinic authority is declared to concern the language to be used.. That follows Rebbi Aqiba who says, these are expressions of additions¹¹This refers to the ceremony for the unsolved murder case, where R. Jehudah in 7:2 states that common use of the roots אמר, ענה implies use of the holy language. That argument is acceptable only following R. Aqiba, not following R. Ismael. For the latter, the argument of R. Ḥaggai does not prove anything.. Following Rebbi Ismael who says, these are double expressions? Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said, it says here “to come close” and it says there, “Moses shall come close to the mist¹²Ex. 20:21; the word order is incorrect in the quote.”, since “coming close” there implies [recitation in] the holy language¹³Since Moses was deputized by the people to speak to God Who obviously spoke to them and him in Hebrew. This reference to the holy language is acceptable to R. Ismael., so also “coming close” here implies [recitation in] the holy language.

MISHNAH: “Your heart should not soften, do not fear, nor become impulsive, do not become impressed before them.²⁸Deut. 20:3. This is the speech of the priest appointed for the war.” Your heart should not soften because of the neighing of horses or the gleam of swords. Do not fear, because of the shaking of shields²⁹Greek θυρεός, ὁ; “oblong shield”; shutter, stone put against a door”, from where modern Hebrew “shutter”. and the stomping of military boots³⁰Latin caliga, -ae, f., “military boot; military service.”. Do not become impulsive because of the sound of horns, nor be impressed because of the sound of cries. “For the Eternal, your God, is He Who goes with you to make war on your enemies to save you.” They come with victories of flesh and blood, but you come with the victory of the Omnipresent. The Philistines came with the victory of Goliath; how did he end? In the end, he fell by the sword and they fell with him. But you, you are not so but “for the Eternal, your God, is He Who goes with you to make war on your enemies to save you,” that is the camp of the Ark.