Talmud su Deuteronomio 24:13

MISHNAH: A person who lends to another may take a pledge from him only in court⁸⁶Under the supervision of the court.. He may not enter his house to take his pledge, as it is said: “You have to stand outside.⁸⁷Deut. 24:11.” If he had two vessels⁸⁸This expression, כֵּלִים, covers both implements and textiles., he takes one and returns one. He returns the pillow for the night⁸⁹Deut. 24:13. and the plough for the day. If he⁹⁰The debtor. dies, he⁹¹The creditor. does not return it to his⁹⁰The debtor. heirs. Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel says, even to himself⁹⁰The debtor. he⁹¹The creditor. returns it only up to 30 days; after thirty days⁹²The religious obligation to return the pledge is formulated in Deut.24:13 as an obligation to return it to the debtor in person. If the debtor died, the pledge may be sold and the proceeds deducted from the amount of the debt. he⁹¹The creditor. sells it in court⁸⁶Under the supervision of the court.

It was stated¹⁰⁸Cf. Mekhilta dR. Ismael Mišpaṭim 19 (p. 316–317); Mekhilta dR. Simeon b. Ioḥai p. 212; Tanḥuma Mišpaṭim 10; Ex. rabba 30:7; Sifry Deut. 277.: He takes a day garment as pledge during the night and a night garment during the day. He returns a day garment during the day and a night garment during the night. Pillow and bed sheet¹⁰⁹Corrected version of the scribe. First he wrote סָגוֹס σάγος, "coarse coat" (expression used in Mekhilta dR. Simeon b. Ioḥai, Sifry Deut.). which are used as cover during the night he may take as pledge during the day and return for the night. An axe and a plough which usually are used for work during the day he may take as pledge during the night and return for the day. Rebbi La said: Sometimes one explains the verse¹¹⁰Deut. 24:15 (speaking of worker’s wages, not pledges). “the sun shall not come onto it,” as “the sun shall not rise upon it”, but sometimes one explains as “the sun shall not set upon it” since it is written “returning you shall return the pledge to him when the sun comes,¹¹¹Deut. 24:13.” at sunrise, “until the going of the sun return it to him,¹⁰¹Ex. 22:25.” until sundown.