Talmud su Ester 8:10

MISHNAH: Perotiot⁷⁷All commentaries depending on gaonic sources declare these to be mules about which it is unknown whether their mother was a horse or a donkey and whose ears do not allow to determine the species of their mother. This implies that the opinion of R. Jehudah in the preceding Mishnah is accepted here as opinion of the anonymous majority and, therefore, practice to be followed. This would make superfluous the statement of R. Isaac bar Naḥman in the preceding Halakhah. Now in Arabic, פֻדַט فُرَط is “a horse which outruns all others” (from the root فرط “to surpass”). It might be that the entire sentence speaks of horses and that thoroughbreds are considered a separate species created by what today would be called genetic engineering, while wild horses are the same as a standard domesticated horse. {Cf. also Medieval Latin paraveredus,parifredus “horse” (E. G.).} are forbidden and wild horses⁷⁸Definition of Maimonides. are permitted. A great ape⁷⁹Maimonides explains by Arabic נסנאס, نَسناَس “a fabled animal having only one foot,” in accordance with the Halakhah here, but in his Commentary to Mishnah Yadayim 1:5 he notes that an ape (قِرد) in Egypt is called נסנאס (in modern Farsi, it means Orang Utan). Rebbi Yose holds in Yadaim 1:5 that a great ape is not a human but the Sages there disagree. is a wild animal; Rebbi Yose says they cause impurity in a tent like a human⁸⁰Only human corpses cause impurity in a tent, cf. Chapter 2, Note 180.. The hedgehog⁸¹Biblical קִפֹּד. The Arabic quoted by Maimonides, קנפד, means either “rat” or “hedgehog.” and a squirrel mole⁸²חולדה, the Biblical חֹלֶד, means “mole” (Ḥagigah 1:5, fol. 80c). In Lev. 11:29, the mole is classified with the “crawling things”. The problem is with the qualifier סנאי (or סנײ), which the older commentaries derive from סנה “small bush, tree producing fruit every second year”, but it is difficult to see a mole living in a bush. Maimonides describes the animal as “a kind of fox looking like a mole”. If this animal is classified as “wild animal”, its carcass or parts of it will make impure if touched or carried (even without touching) but only if there is at least the volume of an average olive; if it is classified as a “crawling thing” it does not make impure by being carried, but by touch it makes impure already by the volume of a small lentil. are wild animals. About the squirrel mole, Rebbi Yose says that the House of Shammai say it defiles in the amount of the volume of an olive in carrying, but in the volume of a lentil by touch.
The bison is a domesticated animal; Rebbi Yose says a wild animal⁹⁶For the Sages one is permitted to mate bison and cattle and to plough with an ox and a bison yoked together; for R. Yose it is forbidden.. The dog is a wild animal; Rebbi Meïr says a domesticated animal. The pig is a domesticated animal, the wild donkey a wild animal. Elephant and monkey are wild animals. A human is permitted to plough and draw with all of them.

HALAKHAH: “Perotiot are forbidden and wild horses are permitted.” Rebbi Ammi in the name of Rebbi Eleazar: Ramak is without χαλινός “bit”. As one says (Est. 8:10): “the sons of wild horses”⁸³While in Arabic, רמך (rimāk,armāk) is a mare, R. Ammi insists that in the verse the masculine ending is appropriate and the horses used by the Persian imperial mail were born to domesticated mares but sired by wild (unbridled) horses..