Talmud su Ester 9:22

BARAITHA.⁸⁷K 23. R. Eliezer [b. Jacob] said: One should not put his money into a charity bag unless it is supervised by a learned man such as R. Ḥanina b. Teradion.
GEMARA. What did he do?⁸⁸R. Ḥanina b. Teradion, who was the treasurer of a charity fund. As it has been taught:⁸⁹‘A.Z. 17b (Sonc. ed., p. 89), 18a (Sonc. ed., pp. 91f). He said to him,⁹⁰R. Jose b. Ḳisma to R. Ḥanina b. Teradion. ‘Did anything happen to you?’ He replied, ‘Money for Purim [distribution]⁹¹Money set aside for distribution among the poor on Purim (cf. Esth. 9, 22) and such money may not be diverted to any other cause. R. Ḥanina, having inadvertently distributed the money as ordinary charity, made the allocation of Purim gifts from his own resources. was mixed with charity funds, so I distributed [my own money] to the poor’. He exclaimed, ‘May my portion be from your portion and my lot from your lot’.

“About these¹¹¹The days preceding Purim. it was said that one precedes and does not trail.” Reading the Scroll and paying the Sheqel tax one precedes and does not trail; the Meal of the New Moon and the Purim Meal one trails¹²²The meal at which the New Moon is declared by the calendar court by its nature cannot be celebrated before the New Moon has been declared; the Purim meal is scheduled for the afternoon of the 14th (or 15th), probably extending into the next night. but does not precede. Rebbi Ze`ira said before Rebbi Abbahu: then could one make it on the Sabbath¹²³For which one has to go to the expenses of a festive meal anyhow.? He answered him, to make them days of drinking and joy¹²⁴Esth. 9:22.; those whose joy depends on the court¹²⁵The calendar court, before the publication of the computed calendar. After the publication, every date is permanently depending on R. Yose’s court.; this excludes those whose joy depends on Heaven.

To what does the foregoing apply? To fasting in private, but it is forbidden to proclaim a public fast until Nisan has passed.
On the first day of Adar a public proclamation is made regarding the shekels.¹⁴Every adult had the obligation to give one half-shekel as a contribution to the Temple. Why on the first of Adar? Because it was foreseen, revealed and known before Him Who spoke and the world came into being that Haman would in time to come weigh [shekels] against Israel.¹⁵Cf. Esth. 3, 9. He, therefore, forestalled him and instructed Moses that the shekels of Israel should precede Haman’s. It is required that Israel shall give their shekels before [43b] the Sabbath of Remember;¹⁶The Sabbath before Purim when the mafṭir reads the passage beginning Remember (Deut. 25, 17-19). and it is forbidden to say of them¹⁷The half-shekels. that they are ‘for a ransom’ [but must be given] for a freewill-offering. From the proceeds water and food should be supplied for their poor brethren on account of a sacrifice¹⁸Reading ḳorban with GRA. V has ‘on account of complaints’ (ḳoblin). [M has ḳislin which Krauss, Lehnwörter, p. 531, renders ‘feast’.] and gifts to the poor.¹⁹Cf. Esth. 9, 22. Some supply bread and wine, others supply bread and fish; in any event not less than two gifts²⁰Since Esth. loc. cit. speaks of gifts, in the plural, which indicates not less than two. should be given, although they consist only of wheat and beans.