Talmud su Genesi 19:15

Rebbi Ḥinnena⁶³The prints and the Leyden manuscript have ר׳ חצנ׳, referring to an otherwise unknown scholar. The reading chosen is that of the Rome manuscript. The bearer of that name was a Galilean Amora of the third generation. said: From the appearance of the “morning hind⁶⁴This Biblical allusion (Psalm 22) denotes the zodiacal light; see the next section.” until the first rays of light in the East a man can walk four mil⁶⁵For the determination of the time implied by the distance, see the paragraph after the next.. From the first rays of light in the East until sunrise four mil⁶⁶This statement is found also in the Babylonian Talmud (Pesaḥim 94a), there one speaks of עלוֹת השחר, “the coming up of the morning”. איילת השחר is not a technical term used in the Babli.. From where do we know that from the first rays of light in the East until sunrise there are four mil? Since it is written (Gen. 19:15) “about when the morning came etc.⁶⁷The verse describes the time when the angels pushed Lot to leave Sodom.” And it is written (v. 23) “the sun rose over the land and Lot arrived at Zoär.” From Sodom to Zoär there are four mil. It is farther than that.⁶⁸In absence of a reliable tradition about the locations of Zoar and Sodom, it is difficult to know the real distances. In the documents found with the Bar Kochba letters in the desert of Judea, a locality Zoar is mentioned. Hence, in Mishnaic times the location of Zoar was still known. In the Babli (Pesaḥim 93b), Rebbi Ḥanina testifies that he checked out the distance and found it to be five mil. The Babli finds that the time of an average person walking five mil is too long for dawn but he does not try to harmonize the interpretation of the verses with the current observations of twilight. Rebbi Zeïra said: the angel was flattening⁶⁹The verb מקדר is used in tractate Eruvin in the technical sense of “levelling” by surveyors who for exact measurements use only yardsticks that are exactly horizontal. R. Zeïra wants to say that they walked only absolutely flat roads where the usual speed is higher. the road before them. And from where do we know that from the appearance of “the morning hind” until the first rays of light at the East there are four mil? “About when”, “when”, compares one thing to another⁷⁰One can apply the principle of גזרה שוה, that in general a certain expression has the same meaning in all contexts..

²²A somewhat garbled version of a text in Berakhot 1:1 (Notes 63–70) and Gen. rabba 50(15). Rebbi Ḥanina said: From the appearance of the “morning hind”²³The zodiacal light. until the first rays of light in the East a man can walk four mil²⁴Since a person is presumed to be able to walk 40 mil on a full day at the equinoxes, this comes to 72 min.. From the first rays of light in the East until sunrise a man can walk four mil²⁵Babli Pesaḥim 94a,. From where do we know that from the appearance of “the morning hind” until the first rays of light on the East there are four mil? [ince it is written]²⁶Gen. 19:15.: and when the morning came, the angels urged Lot, saying²⁷It is clear that the argument is not relevant to the question asked here, but to the time elapsing between first dawn and sunrise. To complete the proof, one has tro add a reference to v. 23, found in Berakhot and Gen. rabba, which states that Lot arrived in Zoar at the time of sunrise.. From Sodom to Zoar there are four mil. It is farther than that²⁸In the Babli, Pesaḥim 93b, R. Ḥanina is quoted that he checked out the distance and it was 5 mil.. Rebbi Zeˋira said: the angel was flattening the road before them. And from where that from the first rays of light in the East until sunrise there are four mil? When, and when, one thing compares to another²⁹The additional and permits to compare the one time specified in Scripture to the other, the time between visibility of the zodiacal light and first dawn. .