Talmud su Osea 9:78

May one write two or three words from a verse⁶³Is it permitted to use parts of verses to make a point in a letter, implying that the words were written without the required ruled lines and not in square script. Instead of a reasoned answer it is pointed out that not only did Amoraim of all generations use biblical quotes in their letters but also that they did not adhere closely to the text.? Mar Uqba sent a letter to the Head of the Diaspora who went to sleep and got up with song: Israel, do not enjoy like the Gentiles⁶⁴Hos. 9:1.. Rebbi Aḥa wrote, the remembrance of the just is a blessing⁶⁵Prov. 10:7.. Rebbi Ze`ura wrote, Joash the King did not remember⁶⁶2Chr. 24:22.. Rebbi Jeremiah sent a letter to Rebbi Jehudah Nesia, to hate your lovers, to love your hater⁶⁷2S. 19:10. The order of the quotes is inverted.. Rebbi Ḥiyya, Rebbi Yasa, and Rebbi Immi judged Tamar. She went and complained about them to the prefect⁶⁸Greek ’ανθύπατος. of Sepphoris. They sent and wrote to Rebbi Abbahu⁶⁹Who was Rabbi of Caesarea Philippi, residence of the prefect’s superior. The judgment rendered by the three rabbis could be interpreted by the Roman authorities as an act of rebellion, usurping the role of Roman criminal courts. Since the Talmudim do not indicate that the rabbis were killed or jailed, R. Abbahu must have been more successful than he indicates in his letter., who wrote back to them, (twice) [already]⁷⁰The reading of the (scribe) has to be preferred over that of the [corrector]. we pacified the three informers⁷¹Reading delatores with Graetz., the well born, the well learned, and Tarshish, Eutokos, Eumathes, Thalassios⁷²Conjectured name.; but the rebellious Tamar remains in her rebellious state; we tried to soften her but in vain did one smelt to refine⁷³Jer. 6:29.. Rebbi Mana sent a letter to Rebbi Hoshaia ben Rebbi Shammai, your beginnings were small, your future may be much expanding⁷⁴Job8:7. In the second half of the verse, the word order and spelling are changed..

¹⁹⁹Sifry Num. 131–132 (Yalqut Hosea526). Slightly different formulations in Tanhuma Balaq 18, Num. rabba 20; Babli 106a. Referred to in Pirqe R. Eliezer 47. But what did the evil Bileam do? Because he counseled Balaq ben Ṣippor to fell Israel by the sword. He told him, the God of this people hates whoring. If you put up your daughters for whoring, you may rule over them. He answered, but will they listen to me? He told him, put your own daughter up, they will see and listen to you. That is what is written²⁰⁰Num. 25:15.: he is the head of related tribes in Midian. What did they do? They built dining rooms²⁰¹Latin coenaculum “upper storey room; dining room; garret”. Secondary Babli קלעים “partition wall, partition gobelin”. from Bet Hayyešimon²⁰²In the biblical text בית הישימות. to the Snow Mountain²⁰³The Hermon. and installed there women selling pastries. They put an old woman outside and a young girl inside. Israel were eating and drinking. If one of them went to stroll around, to buy himself something from the grocer, the old woman would offer to sell to him for the going price, but the girl told him, come and take it for less. This happened that first day, the second day, the third day. After that, she told him, from now on you are like a member of the family; enter and select for yourself. When he entered, there was a pitcher full of wine, of the strong Ammonite wine which seduces the body to whoring. Its smell was seething and (Gentile wine) [libation wine] was not yet forbidden for Israel²⁰⁴The text in parenthesis is the scribe’s original text, the one in brackets his correction. Formally, the original text is the only correct one. Wine used in idolatrous libations is forbidden for all usufruct as חֶרֶם, Deut. 13:18. The prohibition of the consumption of other Gentile wine is attributed to Daniel (Dan. 1:8); it is not Mosaic. The corrected text and its parallel sequel adopt popular language which calls יַיִן נֶסֶךְ what correctly should be called סְתָם יֵינָם “their unspecified wine”.. She told him, maybe you want to drink a cup of wine? He answered her, yes. She gave to him and he drank. When he drank, the wine was burning in him like a viper’s poison²⁰⁵Read כריסה.; he told her, consent to me. She told him, do you want me to consent to you? He answered, yes. Immediately she took out a shape of Peˋor from her bosom and told him, bow down before this one and I shall consent to you. But he answered her, should I bow down before foreign worship? She told him, you do not bow down, you only strip for it. This is what the Sages said²⁰⁶Mishnah 7:12 (Notes 238,239)., “one who defecates in front of Baal Peˋor follows its worship. One who throws a stone at a statue of Mercury follows its worship.” ²⁰⁷Duplication of previous text. There was a pitcher full of wine, of the strong Ammonite wine which seduces the body to whoring. Its smell was seething and libation wine was not yet forbidden for Israel. She told him, maybe you want to drink a cup of wine? He answered her, yes. She gave to him and he drank. When he drank, the wine was burning in him like a viper’s poison²⁰⁵Read כריסה.; he told her, consent to me. She told him, do you want me to consent to you? He answered, yes. She told him, make a vow to deny the teachings of Moses and I shall consent to you. That is what is written²⁰⁸Hos.9:10.: They came to Baal-Peˋor, made vows for the shame, and turned into abominations like their love life.

[In the verses] And it came to pass when they⁶³Foreign princes or rulers. E.V. God. caused me to wander, God, etc.,⁶⁴Gen. 20, 13. Cf. Rule 6 above. and Which god⁶⁵E.V. who is a God. is like unto Thee⁶⁶Micah 7, 18. the first⁶⁷The pronoun ‘they’ in Gen. 20, 13 and god in Micah 7, 18. are sacred and the second⁶⁸God in Gen. and Thee in Micah. are secular. [The divine name in] Samaria shall bear her guilt, for she hath rebelled against her God⁶⁹Hos. 14, 1. is sacred. R. Nathan says: [In the phrase] in the house of his God⁷⁰ibid. IX, 8. it is sacred. In therefore turn thou to thy God⁷¹ibid. XII, 7. it is sacred. In God standeth in the congregation of God; in the midst of the judges⁷²The Heb. has the divine name. He judgeth⁷³Ps. 82, 1. it is used as sacred⁷⁴In God standeth. and secular.⁷⁵In the sense of ‘judges’. In God delivereth me to⁷⁶Heb. אל (to) which has the same consonants as the word for ‘God’. the ungodly⁷⁷Job 16, 11. the first is sacred and the second⁷⁸’el in the sense of ‘to’. is secular. In For hath any said unto God: I have borne⁷⁹ibid. XXXIV, 31. the first [’el] is secular and the second sacred.
R. Eleazar the son of R. Jose the Galilean said:⁸⁰So M. V and H read ‘and R. Eleazar … said’. [In the verses] And let my cry have no⁸¹Heb. ’al, the same consonants as for the name of God. resting-place;⁸²Job 16, 18. It is in the power⁸³Gen. 31, 29. The Heb. for power (’el) equals the divine name. of my hand; And there shall be nought in the power of thy hand;⁸⁴Deut. 28, 32. When it is in the power of thy hand;⁸⁵Prov. 3, 27. Unto death,⁸⁶ibid. II, 18; unto is ’el in Heb. all [the words whose consonants are the same as those for God] are secular. In God hath given command to speed me⁸⁷2 Chron. 35, 21. it is sacred. In Forbear thee from meddling with God, who is with me⁸⁸ibid. it is sacred according to R. Jose b. Judah. In O God, the proud are risen up against me⁸⁹Ps. 86, 14. it is sacred but the reader must pause in reading [after God]:⁹⁰In the absence of the pause, the adjective proud might erroneously be taken as qualifying God. God, the proud are risen up against me.
[The terms] merciful and gracious, long-suffering and abounding in lovingkindness, king, kings, exalted, great, Most High, righteous and upright, pious, perfect, mighty, may be erased.⁹¹Although attributed to God, they do not possess the sanctity of the divine name. He who curses himself or his neighbour by [any of] these⁹²Using any of these attributes instead of the divine name. incurs guilt. [If he curses] heathens or the dead no guilt⁹³So M and N.Y. V and H read ‘guilty of one [offence]’. is incurred. [If he curses] a judge or a prince he incurs twofold guilt;⁹⁴Since a judge or prince must not be cursed as any other person, and as men holding offices of responsibility. according to others he incurs threefold guilt for cursing a prince.⁹⁵The two mentioned in the preceding note, and a third because the Heb. word for ‘judge’ in the text is identical with the divine name. If a person curses his father or mother with the Tetragrammaton⁹⁶lit. ‘the distinguished name’. he is liable to the penalty of stoning,⁹⁷Cf. Lev. 24, 14. Stoning is one of the major penalties imposed by a court. but if only with the attributes he is liable to a warning.⁹⁸i.e. he is guilty of transgressing a negative commandment, the penalty of which is scourging with thirty-nine stripes.

HALAKHAH: “Rebbi Joshua said, who would remove the dust from your eyes, Rabban Joḥanan ben Zakkai,” etc. ¹⁵⁴The parallel is in Babli, Baba Batra 15a/b. When was Job? Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish in the name of Bar Qappara: He was in the days of our father Abraham; that is what is written: “¹⁵⁵Job 1:1. A man was in the land of Oz, his name was Job.” And it is written, “¹⁵⁶Gen. 23:21, in the list of Aramean Naḥor tribes. Oz his firstborn.” Rebbi Abba said¹⁵⁷In the Babli, this is the opinion of R. Nathan in an alternate version., in the days of our father Jacob and Dinah was his wife; that is what is written: “¹⁵⁸Job 2:10. You speak like one of the impious ones”, and it is written: “¹⁵⁹Gen. 34:7. For an impiety he did in Israel.” Rebbi Levi said, he was in the days of the tribes; that is what is written: “¹⁶⁰Job. 15:18. The previous verse ends: This I have seen, I shall tell it; the verses are interpreted as referring to Judah and Reuben who confessed their sins; cf. Chapter 1, Note 195. What Sages would tell, they did not conceal from their fathers.” Rebbi Yose ben Ḥalaphta said, he was born when they descended into Egypt and he died when they left¹⁶¹This is an anonymous tannaïtic opinion in the Babli. The traditional duration of the tribes’ stay in Egypt is 210 years; cf. the author’s The Scholar’s Haggadah, pp. 283–284. Job lived another 140 years after his tribulations (Job 42:16). Since God gave double restitution for everything he had lost, it is concluded that he suffered in his 70th year and lived for 210 years.. A parable of a shepherd when a wolf came and attacked his flock. What did he do? He put up a ram against him¹⁶²In the Babli, 14b, this is hinted at by the statement that Job’s goats were able to attack wolves, being supernaturally safe from predators.. That is what is written: “¹⁶³Job 16:11. He delivered me to the evil one, he threw me amongst evildoers.” Rebbi Ismael stated: Job was one of Pharao’s servants, a great one in his government¹⁶⁴In the later Midrash, Ex. rabba1(12), this is extended to include in Pharao’s council Bileam, who voted for killing the Jewish children and was killed, Job who abstained from voting and suffered, and Jethro who voted against Pharao’s decree and was rewarded in that his descendants sat in the Synhedrion.’¹⁶⁵Familia as a term for government is from the time of the principate when the emperor ran the state by his freedmen and slaves, his familia.. That is what is written: “¹⁶⁶Ex. 9:20. One who feared the word of the Eternal etc.”, and it is written about him, “¹⁵⁵Job 1:1. a man, artless and straight, fearing God and fleeing from evil¹⁵²Job 1:1.”. Rebbi Yose bar Jehudah¹⁶⁷In the Babli, R. Eleazar. says, he was in the days when the Judges judged; that is what is written: “Behold, you all did see, why do you turn all into vapor¹⁶⁸Job 27:12..” You saw what my generation did, that they collect tithes on the threshing floors; “you loved whore’s wages on all grain threshing floors¹⁶⁹Hos. 9:1. Since it is in the hand of the farmer to whom to give his tithes; the Levite or Cohen who comes to the threshing floor to collect his tithes is an extortionist (Cf. Demay 6:3, Note 69)..” Rebbi Samuel bar Naḥman in the name of Rebbi Jonathan¹⁷⁰In the Babli, R. Nathan.: He was in the days of the queen of Seba, as it is said: “Seba attacked and took them¹⁷¹Job 1:15..” Rebbi Nathan¹⁷²In the Babli, the anonymous Sages. said, he was in the days of the Chaldeans, as it is said: “The Chaldeans attacked from three sides.¹⁷³Job 1:17.” Rebbi Joshua ben Qorḥa¹⁷⁴Same argument in the Babli. said, he was in the days of Asuerus, as it is said: “One shall look for beautiful virgins for the king¹⁷⁵Esth. 2:2..” And it is written, “no women were found like Job’s daughters¹⁷⁶Job 42:15..” Rebbi Joshua ben Levi said, he was of the returnees of the diaspora. Rebbi Joḥanan said, He was of the returnees from the diaspora and was a Jew¹⁷⁷In the Babli, R. Joḥanan and R. Eleazar.. Therefore Rebbi Joḥanan learned from him the rules of mourning. “Job got up and tore his coat¹⁷⁸Job 1:20.”; Rebbi Jehudah ben Pazi in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: From here [one learns] that a mourner has to tear [his garment] while standing¹⁷⁹In Mo‘ed Qaṭan 3:7, Babli 20b, the verse is quoted without asking whether Job was Jewish or not.. Rebbi Ḥiyya¹⁸⁰In the Babli this is an anonymous tannaïtic statement. stated: In My world I had one just Gentile, I gave him his reward and removed him from My world¹⁸¹Since Job, in contrast to Jewish saintly persons, received his reward in this world, he seems to be excluded from the World to Come.. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish¹⁸²In the Babli, 14a, this is the opinion of an anonymous author who proves that Scripture in effect contains tales that do not correspond to reality, such as Nathan’s tale of the poor man and his sheep. said, Job did not exist and will never live. The opinion of Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish is inconsistent: There, Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said in the name of Bar Qappara: He was in the days of our father Abraham, but here he says so? But he did exist but his suffering did not. Then why is it written about him? To tell you that if it had come upon him, he would have withstood it.

Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel then added to what he said: One who studies Torah in his youth is like a young man who married a young woman. She was a good match for him, and he a good match for her. And she cast herself upon him, and he cast himself upon her. One who studies Torah in his old age, what is he like? Like an old man who married a young woman. She was a good match for him, but he was not a good match for her. She cast herself upon him, but he kept his distance from her, as it says (Psalms 127:4–5), “Like arrows in the hand of a warrior are children of youth.” And immediately afterward it says, “Happy is the man who fills his quiver with them.” One who learns and then forgets is like a woman who gives birth to children and then buries them, as it says (Hosea 9:12), “Even though they raise children, I will bereave people of them.” Do not read “bereave” (v’sikaltim), but rather, “cause them to forget” (v’shikhahtim).
(Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar would say: One who studies Torah in his youth is like a doctor who is treating a wound, and has a scalpel to cut into it and medicine to heal it. One who studies Torah in his old age is like a doctor who is treating a wound, and has a scalpel to cut into it but no medicine to heal it. So it is with words of Torah: they) are marked [in order for an individual] to distinguish one from one another, and then arranged side by side, as it says (Proverbs 7:3), “Tie them to your fingers and write them on the tablet of your heart.” And also (Proverbs 6:21), “Tie them to your heart always, and fasten them around your throat.”