Talmud su Giudici 7:3
וְעַתָּ֗ה קְרָ֨א נָ֜א בְּאָזְנֵ֤י הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מִֽי־יָרֵ֣א וְחָרֵ֔ד יָשֹׁ֥ב וְיִצְפֹּ֖ר מֵהַ֣ר הַגִּלְעָ֑ד וַיָּ֣שָׁב מִן־הָעָ֗ם עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔לֶף וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים נִשְׁאָֽרוּ׃ (ס)
Ora proclama quindi nelle orecchie della gente, dicendo: Chiunque abbia paura e trema, lascialo tornare e partire presto dal monte Galaad.'E là tornarono del popolo ventiduemila; e ne rimasero diecimila.
Jerusalem Talmud Eruvin
“And from making an eruv”. Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi said, this refers to eruv of courtyards30In a camp in a karmelit situation one may carry freely once the boundary fence was established without going through an eruv ceremony as explained in Chapter 3.. But eruv of ranges is a matter of biblical law308Babli 17b. It is agreed that Ex. 16:29 implies that leaving one’s place on the Sabbath, even if one does not carry anything, is prohibited. It is only the definition of “one’s place” which is a matter of rabbinic interpretation.. Are there courtyards in a camp? To disassemble309It is unclear what this means. Meïri (79b), Rashba (col. 125) and Ritba (28a) read “to permit”. tents in a camp, as it was stated: “310Tosephta 2:5–6, partially quoted in Babli 17a. In the Tosephta (ed. Liebermann p. 93) 3 out of 4 sources read: Tents in a camp do not need an eruv, tents of a caravan need an eruv. While the Medieval authors agree in substance with the majority of the Tosephta mss., the explicit quotes of Meïri and Rashba (loc. cit. Note 309) confirm the Yerushalmi text; only Ritba reads the Tosephta text in the Yerushalmi.
Maimonides in Hilkhot Eruvin 1:3 follows the Yerushalmi text but in Hilkhot Melakhim 6:13 he only requires that the camp be enclosed by a fence 10 hand-breadths high without eruv following the Babli. There is no reason to emend the text. Tents in a camp need an eruv, tents of a caravan do not need an eruv. “Jehudah ben Tema says, also they may camp anywhere and at the place where they are killed they are buried, lest you say that they should be treated like war311Greek πόλεμος, ὁ. This must refer to Gentile fallen soldiers. dead.” There are Tannaim who state that it is forbidden to remove them; there are Tannaim who state that it is permitted to remove them. He who said that it is permitted to remove them, if they are together312A mass grave. In Masekhet Semaḥot 14:4: “In times of war there is no permanence to graves”; it is implied that they always may be re-buried in a Jewish cemetary.; he who said that it is forbidden to remove them, if they are dispersed. Just as they are exempt from four matters when they are marching out, so they are exempt from four matters when they are returning. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun understood this from the following313Jud. 7:3.: Anybody who is fearful and anxious should return and sneak away from Mount Gilead. Why did they have to return sneaking? Because of the enemies314Since there always is danger, there is no reason to abrogate the exemption.. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun in the name of Rav: Just as they are exempt from four matters when they are marching out, so they are exempt from four matters when they are returning.
Maimonides in Hilkhot Eruvin 1:3 follows the Yerushalmi text but in Hilkhot Melakhim 6:13 he only requires that the camp be enclosed by a fence 10 hand-breadths high without eruv following the Babli. There is no reason to emend the text. Tents in a camp need an eruv, tents of a caravan do not need an eruv. “Jehudah ben Tema says, also they may camp anywhere and at the place where they are killed they are buried, lest you say that they should be treated like war311Greek πόλεμος, ὁ. This must refer to Gentile fallen soldiers. dead.” There are Tannaim who state that it is forbidden to remove them; there are Tannaim who state that it is permitted to remove them. He who said that it is permitted to remove them, if they are together312A mass grave. In Masekhet Semaḥot 14:4: “In times of war there is no permanence to graves”; it is implied that they always may be re-buried in a Jewish cemetary.; he who said that it is forbidden to remove them, if they are dispersed. Just as they are exempt from four matters when they are marching out, so they are exempt from four matters when they are returning. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun understood this from the following313Jud. 7:3.: Anybody who is fearful and anxious should return and sneak away from Mount Gilead. Why did they have to return sneaking? Because of the enemies314Since there always is danger, there is no reason to abrogate the exemption.. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun in the name of Rav: Just as they are exempt from four matters when they are marching out, so they are exempt from four matters when they are returning.
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