Talmud su Salmi 12:78

Ḥuna²⁸The parallel in the Babli (6b) shows that this is Rav Huna, the Babylonian. Authors of later generations in the Babli attenuate this statement to label as criminals only those who pray behind the synagogue facing away from the building; this is not accepted in the Yerushalmi. said, he who prays behind the synagogue is called criminal as it is said (Ps. 12:9) “Criminals walk around.” Rav Ḥuna²⁹In the (Yerushalmi) Midrash Tehillim the parallel statement is one of R. Joshua ben Levi, the author of the preceding homiletics, and is part of his homiletics on Ps. 84:5. said, one who does not enter a synagogue in this world will not enter the synagogue in the future world. What is the reason? (Ps. 12:9) “Criminals walk around.”

HALAKHAH: “Civil suits are decided,” etc. Rebbi Yannai said, if the Torah had been given decided²¹חתך “to cut” in this connection is a translation of Latin decidere (literally “to cut off; settle, decide.) There is no reason why R. Yannai could not have acted as a Roman Judge, just like his contemporary R. Jonathan (cf. Bava batra 3:4 and Introduction to Tractate Neziqin.) R. Yannai counts it as an advantage that the Torah is formulated as a set of potentially ambiguous principles rather than a collection of court decisions which would represent unchangeable precedents., no foot could stand. What is the reason? The Eternal spoke to Moses²². Qorban He`edah takes this as a reference to Ex. 12:1, where v. 2 continues: This month is for you the beginning of months; first it shall be for you of the year’s months. The two clauses in the verse have different status. In the first part, God designated the first month of the year of the Exodus. In the second part, Moses and his successors are commanded to determine every year which month should be “first”. The Torah does not give an algorithm to determine which lunar month has to serve as “Spring Month” (Ex. 13:4). Any calendar system agreed to by Moses’s successors has divine sanction. (The current method, concentrating on designating the seventh month, from time to time yields rather questionable results.). He said before Him: Master of the Universe, inform me what is the practice. He told him, to bend²³This is the opposite of rigidity. The understanding of Torah and with it the entire code of behavior required by it is a function of time. While precedents should be overthrown only for very weighty reasons, no rule is invariable for all times. after the majority.¹⁸The use of the verb נטה “to bend” referring to judicial decision is from Ex. 23:2. If there was a majority for acquitting, they acquitted; if there was a majority for convicting, they convicted; so that the Torah²⁴That means, every precept in the Torah can be explained as having 49 different negative and 49 different positive aspects. could be explained in 49 ways impure and 49 ways pure, the numerical value of²⁵Cant. 2:4: “His banner over me is love.” The numerical value is 6+4+3+30+6 = 49. ודגלו. And so it says²⁶Ps. 12:7. “Sevenfold” is interpreted as 7² = 49.: the commands of the Eternal are pure sayings; molten silver in an earthenware crucible, refined sevenfold. And it says²⁷Cant. 1:4. Since מישרים is a plural, it indicates that the Torah has a plurality of straightforward interpretations., the straightforward love You.

HALAKHAH: What means בַעֲלִיל? “Generally known”. As you are saying²⁷⁴Ps. 12:7. Babli 21b., Molten silver open on earth²⁷⁵The usual translation is “in an earthenware crucible.” For several ways to translate the expression cf. Rashi Ps. 12:7., refined sevenfold.

It was stated²⁹⁷Tosephta Menaḥot 6:24–25, a parallel to the entire paragraph in slightly different language. A parallel in the Babli (Menaḥot 43b) has the formulation that “every man in Israel is obliged to recite 100 benedictions every day.” In the Yerushalmi and the Tosephta, not only benedictions are counted but all religious deeds, and it is asserted that the number 100 is reached automatically. in the name of Rebbi Meïr: There is no one in Israel who does not perform 100 commandments every day. He recites the Shema‘ and benedictions before and after, eats his bread and recitesbenedictions before and after, prays 18 benedictions three times and then he performs other commandments and recites benedictions after them. Similarly, Rebbi Meïr used to say: There is no man in Israel who is not surrounded by commandments: Tefillin on his head, tefillin on his arm, a mezuzah on his door, circumcision in his flesh, and the four ẓiẓiot of his tallit surround him. That is what David said (Ps. 119:164): I praised You sevenfold every day for Your just laws²⁹⁸In order to end up with a count of seven, the Yerushalmi (and the Yerushalmi source Midrash Tehillim 12) must consider tefillin as one commandment. In Babli and Tosephta, circumcision is not counted, probably because the fact of circumcision goes to the credit of the parents, not the baby, and, therefore, tefillin must count for two commandments.. And so it says (Ps. 34:8): The angel of the Eternal camps around those that fear Him and rescues them²⁹⁹The implication being that the angel is created by the good deeds of the person protected.. When he³⁰⁰David. entered the bath house, he saw himself naked. He said, woe to me that I am stripped of commandmends. When he looked at his circumcision, he started to acclaim the Holy One, praise to Him (Ps. 12:1): For the director, on the eighth³⁰¹Taken not as an eight-stringed harp but the commandment performed on the eighth day., a song from David.

MISHNAH: After the earlier prophets died, Urim and Tummim²⁰³The oracle carried by the High Priest. stopped. When the Temple was destroyed, the shamir and flowing bee’s honey stopped and trusting men disappeared, as it was said²⁰⁴Ps. 12:2.: “Help, o Eternal, for the pious man is finished, for the trusting have vanished from mankind.”