Talmud su Salmi 147:14

BARAITHA.⁶²K 20. Children meet the Divine Presence, as it is stated, A seed shall serve him; it shall be told of the Lord unto the next generation.
GEMARA. The question was asked: Do [young children by their death] atone for the sin of their fathers or not? Come and hear: R. ‘Aḳiba went to a certain place⁶³A cemetery. where he met a man⁶⁴i.e. a ghost. carrying a heavy load on his shoulder with which he was unable to proceed, and he was crying and groaning. He asked him, ‘What did you do [in your lifetime]?’ He replied, ‘There is no forbidden act in the world which I left undone, and now guards have been set over me who do not allow me to rest’. R. ‘Aḳiba asked him, ‘Have you left a son?’ He answered, ‘By your life! do not detain me because I fear the angels who beat me with fiery lashes and say to me, “Why do you not walk quickly?” ’. R. ‘Aḳiba said to him, ‘Tell me, whom have you left?’⁶⁵H emends the text according to the version in Menorath Hamma’or IX. He replied, ‘I have left behind my wife who was pregnant’. R. ‘Aḳiba then proceeded to that city and inquired, ‘Where is the son of So-and-so?’ [The inhabitants] replied, ‘May the memory of that wicked person⁶⁶lit. ’may his bones be ground to dust’ an imprecation against a wicked person. be uprooted’. He asked them the reason, and they said, ‘He robbed and preyed upon people and caused them suffering; what is more, he violated a betrothed girl on the Day of Atonement’. He made his way to the house and found the wife about to be delivered of a child. He waited until she gave birth to [a son], circumcised him and, when he grew up, took him to the Synagogue to join in public worship. Later R. ‘Aḳiba returned to that [cemetery] and [the ghost] appeared to him and said, ‘May your mind be [always] at rest because you have set my mind at rest’.⁶⁷This story indicates that a child can atone for a parent’s sins.
With what do young children [who die] occupy themselves? It has been taught:⁶⁸Cf. ‘A.Z. 3b (Sonc. ed., p. 10) where it is said that God sits and instructs schoolchildren who died in infancy. An angel is appointed over them who teaches them Torah, Mishnah, halakoth and ’aggadoth; as it is stated, Whom shall one teach knowledge? And whom shall one make to understand the message? Them that are weaned from the milk, them that are drawn from the breasts.⁶⁹Isa. 28, 9. To what age does this apply? [To children who die] up to five or six years of age who have not tasted sin.
It has been taught:⁷⁰There is no Talmudic source for this teaching. Every day an angel goes from before the Holy One, blessed be He, to destroy the world and make it revert to its original [chaos], but when the Holy One, blessed be He, looks upon the schoolchildren and scholars who sit in their Houses of Study His anger immediately turns to mercy.
Resh Laḳish said in the name of R. Judah the Prince:⁷¹Cf. Shab. 119b (Sonc. ed., p. 591). The world endures for the sake of the breath of schoolchildren. R. Papa said to Abbai, ‘What about my and your [breath]?’ He replied, ‘The breath of one in whom there is sin is not like the breath of one in whom there is no sin’. Whereupon [R. Papa] retorted, ‘As the world proceeds it deteriorates.⁷²Cf. B.B. 91b (Sonc. ed., p. 378) where instances are given. As R. Joḥanan said: I remember the time when boys and girls of sixteen and seventeen years of age used to gather in the marketplace⁷³B.B. reads: ‘took walks together in the open air’. [52b] and there was no fear of their sinning’. He replied, ‘Therefore was their merit different. For R. Joḥanan said: I remember the time when a child would break a piece of bread⁷⁴B.B. reads: ‘a carob pod’. and a line of honey ran down over both his arms’. He asked, ‘Which verse [illustrates this]?’ He giveth thee in plenty the fat of wheat.⁷⁵Ps. 147, 14.