Talmud su Salmi 33:78

It is stated⁶We have three versions of this formulation, in the Yerushalmi, the Babli (Berakhot 31a), and the Tosephta (3:21). The main difference in formulation is between the Tosephta and the Talmudim, since the Tosephta requires that one start prayer מתיך דברים של חכמה. In Mishnaic Hebrew, as in Modern Sephardic Hebrew usage, the Ḥakham is the rabbi, and dibrē ḥokhmāh are halakhic rulings; as in the following paragraph, practices universally accepted and not subject to doubt or discussion. From the order of the Yerushalmi it seems that in practice the text of the Yerushalmi should be interpreted as implying the statement of the Tosephta. The tradition of the Babli is uncertain; see Diqduqe Soferim, Berakhot, p. 160, note ר. The Venice print of the Babli requires that one start prayer “out of joy over commandments”. Rashi, the Munich manuscript of the Babli, Halakhot Gedolot and the students of Rabbenu Jonah have simply “out of joy.” The Koronel manuscript and Menorat Hamaör have “out of joy of Torah”, parallel to the Yerushalmi. A Florence manuscript that is typically Sephardic has “out of joy of Halakhah”, directly parallel to the Tosephta. Rabbenu Asher ben Yeḥiel (Rosh) has “out of words of joy”; the insistence on “words” is parallel to Yerushalmi and Tosephta. While the Babli in the printed version would refer to the state of mind required for the Amidah, as implied in the two rulings preceding this Tosephta in the Yerushalmi, the Tosephta and the Yerushalmi require the correct state of mind before one starts with the preparatory sections of prayer, even preceding the recitation of Shema‘. This seems also to be confirmed by the preparatory prayer reported later by R. Ḥizqiah in the name of R. Abbahu. Most of the variants of the Babli text would demand an interpretation similar to that of the Tosephta. All three versions agree that one should start afternoon prayers with a word of Torah or Halakhah directly before the Amidah.: “One should pray neither out of conversation, nor out of jokes, nor out of frivolities, nor out of idle occupations, but out of words of Torah. Similarly, one should not take leave from one’s friend either out of conversation, or out of jokes, or out of frivolities, or out of idle occupations, but out of words of Torah, since we find that the earlier prophets were closing their words with expressions of praise and consolation.” Rebbi Eleazar said, except for Jeremiah who closed with words of reprobation. Rebbi Yoḥanan said to him, still he closed with words of consolation and said (Jer. 51:64) “So Babylon shall sink.” Because Jeremiah continued to prophesy about the Temple. One could think that he closed with the destruction of the Temple, but the verse states (Jer. 51:64) “So far the words of Jeremiah,” he finished with the downfall of its destroyers, he did not close with words of reprobation⁷The last chapter of the book of Jeremiah is not attributed by the Talmud to Jeremiah; it is a historical addition by the editor, Barukh ben Neriah.. But is it not written (Is. 66:24): “They will be a horror for all flesh?⁸Last verse in Isaiah.” That verse deals with Gentiles. But is it not written (Lament. 5:22): “But You much despised us⁹Last verse of Lamentations. A possible interpretation of the statement is that the last two verses of the book, chapter 5, were considered as one; then the book ends with a prayer.”? (Lament. 5:21) “Make us return” replaces “But You much despised us”. Also Elijah did take leave from Elisha only out of words of Torah, (2Kings 2:11) “they walked talking.” What did they talk of? Rebbi Aḥawa the son of Rebbi Zeïra¹⁰In the Babli, his name is R. Ahavah, son of Rebbi Zera, son of the famous Rebbi Zeïra. He was Tanna, a memorizer of tannaitic material, in his father’s Yeshivah. The entire section is a digression induced by the ancillary statements of the Tosephta. said, they discussed the recitation of Shema‘, (Deut. 6:7) “you should talk about them.” Rebbi Judah ben Pazi said, they were discussing Creation, (Ps. 33:6) “through the word of the Eternal the heavens were made.” Rebbi Yudan, the son of Rebbi Ayvu¹¹Rebbi Ayvu was one of the main promoters of Aggadah in the third generation of Amoraïm. He learned from all Galilean Amoraïm of the second generation. His son Rebbi Yudan might be the Rebbi Yudan who otherwise is quoted without mention of his father’s name., said, they were occupied with the consolations of Jerusalem, as you say (Is. 40:2) “Speak to Jerusalem’s heart.” But the rabbis say, they were occupied with the Divine Chariot, as you say (2Kings 2:11) “behold, a chariot of fire and horses of fire, etc.”

MISHNAH: On four times the world is judged. On Passover about grain, on Pentecost on tree fruits²⁰⁵In particular wine and olive oil., and on New Year’s Day all in the world pass before Him like bene maron²⁰⁶S. Liebermann follows J. Levy to read one word, Latin numerus, Greek νούμερον, “legion” on parade (the rabbis’ interpretation in the Halakhah and Samuel’s in the Babli 18a, bottom). A. M. Haberman prefers to read בְּנֵי מָרוֹם “heavenly beings”, noting that the Targum to Job translates Job1:6: “It was on the day of judgment, on New Year’s Day, that groups of angels came to stand in judgment before the Eternal, and there came the Satan alone among them;” referred to by Rashi and Ibn Ezra ad loc., as it is said²⁰⁷Ps.33:15., Who creates together their hearts, Who understands all their deeds. And on Tabernacles they are judged about water.

“And on New Year’s Day all in the world pass before Him like bene maron²⁰⁶S. Liebermann follows J. Levy to read one word, Latin numerus, Greek νούμερον, “legion” on parade (the rabbis’ interpretation in the Halakhah and Samuel’s in the Babli 18a, bottom). A. M. Haberman prefers to read בְּנֵי מָרוֹם “heavenly beings”, noting that the Targum to Job translates Job1:6: “It was on the day of judgment, on New Year’s Day, that groups of angels came to stand in judgment before the Eternal, and there came the Satan alone among them;” referred to by Rashi and Ibn Ezra ad loc.”. Rebbi Aḥa said, like those led into the corral²⁵⁰The sheep to be counted.. But the rabbis are saying, like (in a legion.)²⁵¹In Mekhilta Beshallaḥ 1 (ed. Horovitz-Rabin p. 89 l. 11) a Roman legion is called נומירון which in Yalqut ed. princeps is reproduced as נומיון which can reasonably be identified with the spellings here by the scribe and G. The words substituted by the corrector (read by Pene Mosheh as “magnifying lens”) and that of A: מגומין are to be considered as corruptions. What is the reason?²⁰⁷Ps.33:15., Who creates together their hearts, Who understands all their deeds. ²⁵²Sermons to explain the verse; Babli 18a. Rebbi Levi said, He Who created together their hearts already understood all their deeds. Rebbi Eleazar said, usually in the world what is easier for the potter, to make a hundred flasks or to look at them? Not to look at them? Rebbi Berekhiah said, their creator wants that their hearts be alone to him. Rebbi Abun said, the One Who is unique in His world already understood all their deeds.